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Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Editors -- Contributors -- Section I: APC: Anthropogenic Chemicals and Activities -- 1 Genotoxicity and Air Pollutions -- Air Pollutants -- Genotoxic Effects of Air Pollutants -- Genotoxicity Tests -- Air Pollutants and Other Health Effects -- Conclusion and Remarks -- References -- 2 Methane Emissions: Rice -- Introduction -- Processes Controlling CH[sub(4)] Emissions from Rice Fields -- Options for Mitigating CH[sub(4)] Emission -- Problems and Feasibility of the Options -- References -- 3 Petroleum: Hydrocarbon Contamination -- Introduction -- Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Their Environmental Relevance -- General Chemical Composition Features of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products -- Fate of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Environment -- Possible Toxic Effects from Exposure to Petroleum Hydrocarbons -- Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Analytical Methods for Determination of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Environmental Media -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Road-Traffic Emissions -- Introduction -- Energy Consumption and Types of Emissions -- Modeling of Road-Traffic Emissions -- Potential Influences on Emission Reduction and Their Impacts -- Conclusion -- References -- Section II: COV: Comparative Overviews of Important Topics for Environmental Management -- 5 Alternative Energy -- Introduction -- Rethinking in the Way for Ecological Economics -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Energy and Environmental Security -- Introduction -- Energy and Sustainable Development -- Energy Security -- Global Warming -- Renewable Energy -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Energy Commissioning: New Buildings -- Introduction -- Overview of Commissioning -- Commissioning Process -- Commissioning Phases -- Commissioning Success Factors.

Encyclopedia of Ecology, Second Edition continues the acclaimed work of the previous edition published in 2008. It covers all scales of biological organization, from organisms, to populations, to communities and ecosystems. Laboratory, field, simulation modelling, and theoretical approaches are presented to show how living systems sustain structure and function in space and time. New areas of focus include micro- and macro scales, molecular and genetic ecology, and global ecology (e.g., climate change, earth transformations, ecosystem services, and the food-water-energy nexus) are included. In addition, new, international experts in ecology contribute on a variety of topics.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Editors -- Contributors -- Section I APC: Anthropogenic Chemicals and Activities -- 1 Food: Pesticide Contamination -- Introduction -- Before Registration -- After Registration -- Food Processing -- Trade Issues -- Analytical Methods for Pesticide Residues -- Future -- References -- 2 Human Health: Consumer Concerns to Pesticides -- Introduction -- Pests and Pesticide Safety in Homes and Gardens -- Food Residues -- Towards Residue-Reduced Food Crops -- NGO Initiatives-Ranking Residue Contents -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Human Health: Endocrine Disruption -- Introduction -- Mechanisms of Endocrine Disruption -- Endocrine Disruption with Occupational Exposure in Women -- Endocrine Disruption with Occupational Exposure in Men -- Endocrine Disruption with In Utero Exposure -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 4 Human Health: Pesticides -- Introduction -- Exposure to Pesticides -- Acute Effects: Pesticide Poisonings -- Chronic Effects: Cancer and Other Health Concerns -- Effects on Children -- Economic Costs and Conclusions -- References -- 5 Nanoparticles -- Introduction -- Physical Chemistry of Nanoparticles -- Nanoparticles in Soil and Water -- Nanoparticles in the Atmosphere -- Nanoparticles in Sediments, Rocks, and the Deep Earth -- Nanoparticles beyond the Earth -- Nanoparticles and Life -- Conclusions -- References -- Bibliography -- 6 Pharmaceuticals: Treatment -- Introduction -- Occurrence and Impacts of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment -- Treatment of Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Systems -- Removal Efficiencies in Municipal WWTP Systems -- Removal Efficiencies in Drinking Water Treatment Systems -- Conclusion -- References -- Section II COV: Comparative Overviews of Important Topics for Environmental Management.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Editors -- Contributors -- Section I: Anthropogenic Chemicals: Human Manufactured and Activities -- 1 Acaricides -- Introduction -- Spider Mite Pests -- A Big Drain from the Feeding of Such Small Pests -- Spider Mite Outbreaks Are Promoted by Hot, Dry Weather -- Smothering Agents -- Organochlorines -- Organophosphates and Carbamates -- Organotins -- Propargite -- Amidines -- Ovicides -- Antimetabolites -- Tetronic Acids -- Application Technology -- Combating Miticide Resistance -- References -- 2 Endocrine Disruptors -- Introduction -- Hormones, Reproductive Aspects, and EDCs -- Screening Assays and Biomarkers for EDCs -- Guidelines for Regulatory Purposes -- Overview of EDC Exposure -- Dealing with Environment EDC Emission -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Herbicides -- Herbicide Discovery -- Herbicide Classification -- Components of Herbicide Action -- Herbicide Selectivity -- Herbicide Mode of Action -- Herbicide Resistance in Weeds -- Herbicide-Resistant Crops -- Safety and Environmental Fate of Herbicides -- References -- 4 Herbicides: Non-Target Species Effects -- Introduction -- History, Types of Herbicides, and Their Use -- Benefits to Agriculture and Forest Management -- Herbicide Use and Exposure to Primary Producers -- Herbicide Toxicity to Humans and Animals -- Toxicity to Plants and Effects to Terrestrial Habitats -- Factors Interacting with Herbicide Effects -- Measuring Phytotoxicity -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Insecticides: Aerial Ultra-Low-Volume Application -- Introduction -- Right Place -- Right Time -- Right Dose -- Novel Application Technology -- Insecticide Residue Monitoring -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Neurotoxicants: Developmental Experimental Testing -- Introduction.

Global Ecology focuses on the perception of the biosphere or the ecosphere as a unified cooperative system with numerous synergistic effects, which describe the distinctive properties of this sphere. This book is subdivided into five parts dealing with diverse aspects in global ecology. The first part of the book provides comprehensive description of the biosphere, including its unique characteristics and evolution. This part also describes various spheres in the biosphere, such as the hydrosphere, noosphere, and pedosphere as well as their composition. The next part focuses on the global cycles, including calcium, carbon, iron, microbial nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and water cycles. In addition, global balances and flows are explained. Presented in the third part are the results of the global cycles and flows as well as the patterns of the climatic factors and marine currents. There is also a part discussing the climate interactions, climatic changes, and its effect on the living organisms. The book concludes by covering the application of stoichiometry in the biosphere and in ecosystems. The book offers a comprehensive view of global ecology and ecological stoichiometry, which will aid in the processes of global ecology. - Provides an overview of the theory and application of global ecology - International focus and range of ecosystems makes Global Ecology an indispensable resource to scientists - Based on the bestselling Encyclopedia of Ecology - Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding.

The compilation of the articles in this derivative emphasizes ecological components and fundamental paradigms of ecotoxicology. The alphabetical listing of toxic substances and chemicals in Part B and C serves as a quick reference for professionals. Additionally, the international focus of Ecotoxicology and the range of toxins t covers will make it an indispensable resource to scientists. The password protected companion website will contain Estimation of Ecotoxicological Parameters (EEP) software developed by the author. EEP allows users to get ecotoxicological properties of chemica

The Swedish wolf population has rebounded from near extinction in the 1960s to around 365 individuals in 2020, after the implementation of the Hunting Act (jaktlagen) in 1966. This recent increase in the wolf population has evoked a serious divide between "pro-wolf" and "anti-wolf" Swedish citizens. Despite the continuous efforts by the Swedish government to reconcile this antagonism, the conflicts are persistent with a sign of impasse. In this paper, we present a modelling tool, which can bring transparent and "structured dialogue to the opposing positions." This approach includes a stylized framework for quantitative modelling of stakeholders' satisfaction levels regarding their preferred size of the wildlife population in question, based on the concept of satisfaction functions. We argue that this framework may contribute to conflict resolution by bringing a common understanding among stakeholders, facilitate a societal discourse, and potentially help to assess likely support for conservation policies. We present a showcase application of this modeling tool in the context of the conflict over the Swedish wolf conservation policies. The model is informed using a thorough literature review as well as interviews, which identified relevant stakeholder groups and respective drivers of their attitudes towards wolves.

AbstractCultural theory (CT) provides a framework for understanding how social dimensions shape cultural bias and social relations of individuals, including values, view of the natural world, policy preferences, and risk perceptions. The five resulting cultural solidarities are each associated with a "myth of nature"—a concept of nature that aligns with the worldview of each solidarity. When applied to the problem of climate protection policy making, the relationships and beliefs outlined by CT can shed light on how members of the different cultural solidarities perceive their relationship to climate change and associated risk. This can be used to deduce what climate change management policies may be preferred or opposed by each group. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of how CT has been used in surveys of the social aspects of climate change policy making, to assess the construct validity of these studies, and to identify ways for climate change protection policies to leverage the views of each of the cultural solidarities to develop clumsy solutions: policies that incorporate strengths from each of the cultural solidarities' perspectives. Surveys that include measures of at least fatalism, hierarchism, individualism, and egalitarianism and their associated myths of nature as well as measures of climate change risk perceptions and policy preferences have the highest translation and predictive validity. These studies will be useful in helping environmental managers find clumsy solutions and develop resilient policy according to C.S. Holling's adaptive cycle.

Decades of research and discussion have shown that the human population growth and our increased consumption of natural resources cannot continue - there are limits to growth. This volume demonstrates how we might modify and revise our economic systems using nature as a model. The book describes how nature uses three growth forms: biomass, information, and networks, resulting in improved overall ecosystem functioning and co-development. As biomass growth is limited by available resources, nature uses the two other growth forms to achieve higher resource use efficiency. Through a universal app

This Element develops an innovative combinatorial model of technological change and tests it with 2,000 years of data from global GDP data and US patents, thus generating the observed historical pattern of technological change. This Element models the Industrial Revolution as a combinatorial explosion.