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ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine general exports/imports structure, find the commodities and their salient characteristics, and measure changes in primary commodities price during the pandemic in Kalimantan Barat. The data used is Kalimantan Barat's export and import from Statistics Indonesia over January 2019 - June 2021 through descriptive analysis method and Fisher Index unit value. The results explain that three primary export commodities are bauxite, palm oil, and rubber. Bauxite and natural rubber were shocked by the pandemic, but palm oil can still hold. The government encourages downstream activities for bauxite and palm oil to produce value-added products, while rubber pays more attention to upstream quality. The contribution of exports is relatively significant to affect economic growth with the downstream process performed by the government; tremendous added value can be seen in palm oil commodities. Imports are beneficial because they add intermediate materials to support industrial processes. The recommendation is that local governments continue intensive monitoring and evaluation of smelter construction even during the Covid-19 pandemic, concentrate on the grade of palm oil downstream for its sustainability, and improve rubber trading system and capacity building for rubber extension officers to provide adequate guidance to rubber farmers.JEL : F10, F19, F40. Keywords: trade balance, export, fisher index, downstream, descriptive statistics, covid-19. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran umum struktur ekspor/impor; mengetahui komoditas utama dan karakteristik yang menonjol; serta mengukur perubahan harga komoditas utama selama pandemi di Kalimantan Barat. Data yang digunakan adalah data ekspor dan impor Kalimantan Barat yang dikumpulkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik selama periode Januari 2019 - Juli 2021 dengan analisis deskriptif dan Indeks Fisher. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa neraca perdagangan masih didominasi oleh aktivitas ekspor. Tiga komoditas ekspor utama adalah ...

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan konstruksi nasionalisme pemuda Papua di tengah politik identitas, apakah merasa Papua bagian dari Indonesia atau Papua bukan bagian dari Indonesia pada Ikatan Pelajar dan Mahasiswa Papua di Surabaya. Fokus penelitian yaitu nasionalisme pemuda Papua. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model interaktif analisis Miles dan Huberman. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori konstruksi sosial Peter L. Berger, Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada dua respon terkait nasionalisme pemuda Papua yaitu: pertama, mereka merasa Papua bagian dari Indonesia sehingga menolak Papua merdeka. Kedua mereka merasa bahwa Papua bukan bagian dari Indonesia sehingga mendukung gerakan Papua merdeka. Bagi mereka yang menginginkan Papua merdeka disebabkan merasa belum di Indonesialan dan dianaktirikan. Mereka masih merasa terjajah oleh negara Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Nasionalisme, Pemuda Papua, Papua Merdeka Abstract The purpose of this research is to describe the construction of Papuan youth nationalism amid identity politics, whether they feel Papua is part of Indonesia or Papua is not part of Indonesia in the Papuan Student and Student Association in Surabaya. The focus of the research used in this research is Papuan youth nationalism. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews. The data analysis technique used an interactive model of analysis by Miles and Huberman. The results of this study resulted in two responses related to the nationalism of Papuan youth, namely the feeling that Papua was part of Indonesia so that they rejected an independent Papua and Papua was not part of Indonesia so that they supported an independent Papua. Refusing an independent Papua or supporting an independent Papua in accordance with the knowledge built up in Papuan youth regarding the knowledge of nationalism, places the unity of the Indonesian nation and is proud to be the Indonesian nation and the homeland of Indonesia. This study uses the theory of social construction by Peter L. Berger where the objectivity stage results in support for an independent Papua by feeling Papua is not part of Indonesia or rejection of an independent Papua by feeling that Papua is part of Indonesia in the Papuan Student and Student Association in Surabaya. Keywords: Nationalism, Papuan youth, Independent Papuan

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan konstruksi nasionalisme pemuda Papua di tengah politik identitas, apakah merasa Papua bagian dari Indonesia atau Papua bukan bagian dari Indonesia pada Ikatan Pelajar dan Mahasiswa Papua di Surabaya. Fokus penelitian yaitu nasionalisme pemuda Papua. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model interaktif analisis Miles dan Huberman. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori konstruksi sosial Peter L. Berger, Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada dua respon terkait nasionalisme pemuda Papua yaitu: pertama, mereka merasa Papua bagian dari Indonesia sehingga menolak Papua merdeka. Kedua mereka merasa bahwa Papua bukan bagian dari Indonesia sehingga mendukung gerakan Papua merdeka. Bagi mereka yang menginginkan Papua merdeka disebabkan merasa belum di Indonesialan dan dianaktirikan. Mereka masih merasa terjajah oleh negara Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Nasionalisme, Pemuda Papua, Papua Merdeka Abstract The purpose of this research is to describe the construction of Papuan youth nationalism amid identity politics, whether they feel Papua is part of Indonesia or Papua is not part of Indonesia in the Papuan Student and Student Association in Surabaya. The focus of the research used in this research is Papuan youth nationalism. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews. The data analysis technique used an interactive model of analysis by Miles and Huberman. The results of this study resulted in two responses related to the nationalism of Papuan youth, namely the feeling that Papua was part of Indonesia so that they rejected an independent Papua and Papua was not part of Indonesia so that they supported an independent Papua. Refusing an independent Papua or supporting an independent Papua in accordance with the knowledge built up in Papuan youth regarding the knowledge ...

The first principle of Pancasila recognized God Almighty, which means the duty of every man in Indonesia to respect the religion and beliefs of others, because it is everyone's right to choose, embrace, and practice the teachings of their religion freely without interference and without disturbing others. It means not only ban unethical proselytism, but also ban desecration and abuse of religion in the Republic of Indonesia to protect security and public order to avoid unrest in society. It is set in the first principle of Pancasila and was animated in articles of the Constitution (Article 28E Paragraph (1) and Article 29) regulating the right of religion and worship, which is then further regulated in some legislations, among other Law Number 39 Year 1999 on Human Rights and Law No. 1/PNPS/1965 on the Prevention of Abuse and / or Blasphemy. Restrictions on the freedom to perform and determine one's religion or belief under article 18 paragraph (3) of the ICCPR can only be limited by provisions of law, and it is needed to protect public safety, order, health, or morals of the fundamental rights and freedoms of others; and the regulation in Article 11 of Law No. 1/ PNPS/1965 has met the criteria for the application of restrictions on the freedom to perform and determine one's religion or beliefs, in the sense that the restriction is the conduct of the teaching and not in his belief, by law, and to protect security and public order to avoid unrest in society.

Many groups are calling to apply the Islamic values. Both in social issues, economy, country and politics. But they are not able to create a balancing of the values of Islam itself. Because in general, they actually limit the scope of women's movement. They do not give chance to women to participate in the world holding the reins of supreme leadership.If the excuse put forward is that Islamic values can be applied in general, why not give the right to limit even to women? In fact Islam devoted to men and women.However, when the raging spirit has been created, the power has been awakened, when the women had to roll up his sleeves to participate in social, political and matters relating to life, why the sudden sheet of voiced speech with a loud "O woman returned to the house each of you ", an appeal which it seems so unfair to discredit. Therefore, re-examine the traditions that are considered to discredit the woman, for Hadith Prophet Muhammad saw. ill only textually but also interpreted in context is the right thing to do.

Many groups are calling to apply the Islamic values. Both in social issues, economy, country and politics. But they are not able to create a balancing of the values of Islam itself. Because in general, they actually limit the scope of women's movement. They do not give chance to women to participate in the world holding the reins of supreme leadership.If the excuse put forward is that Islamic values can be applied in general, why not give the right to limit even to women? In fact Islam devoted to men and women.However, when the raging spirit has been created, the power has been awakened, when the women had to roll up his sleeves to participate in social, political and matters relating to life, why the sudden sheet of voiced speech with a loud "O woman returned to the house each of you ", an appeal which it seems so unfair to discredit. Therefore, re-examine the traditions that are considered to discredit the woman, for Hadith Prophet Muhammad saw. ill only textually but also interpreted in context is the right thing to do.

The existence of mass media that dominated by western has abig influence to spread the exploitation idea, especially to islamic country. Politicly, the western has willing to demage the muslim society with idea and culture war as replacing the physic war. The exploitation ideas has been recieved by muslimah and becomean instrumental to spread the idea in the society. The muslimah effort to exist in the world become without the religious norm. Sometimes they go aut from their house a porbidden purpose by religious thought and open the part of the body wich may not be visible by other, free sexual intercourse. Ironicly, this attitudes become a new life styale, and the religious thought was regarded as limitation to their life style.Now can be found muslimah in television station, advertising, commercialization of publications, and they are become the popular idol of today's modern muslimah.For the problem, islamic thought give best solution. Only back to Alquran and hadis can minimize the women axploitation. Alquran give guidence for muslimah to cover the part of body wich may not be visible by other and select the culture can accept ang suitable with islmic thought. From this, muslimash have to be given islamic thought orientation to increase their faith until they can free from the exploitation activity.

The existence of mass media that dominated by western has abig influence to spread the exploitation idea, especially to islamic country. Politicly, the western has willing to demage the muslim society with idea and culture war as replacing the physic war. The exploitation ideas has been recieved by muslimah and becomean instrumental to spread the idea in the society. The muslimah effort to exist in the world become without the religious norm. Sometimes they go aut from their house a porbidden purpose by religious thought and open the part of the body wich may not be visible by other, free sexual intercourse. Ironicly, this attitudes become a new life styale, and the religious thought was regarded as limitation to their life style.Now can be found muslimah in television station, advertising, commercialization of publications, and they are become the popular idol of today's modern muslimah.For the problem, islamic thought give best solution. Only back to Alquran and hadis can minimize the women axploitation. Alquran give guidence for muslimah to cover the part of body wich may not be visible by other and select the culture can accept ang suitable with islmic thought. From this, muslimash have to be given islamic thought orientation to increase their faith until they can free from the exploitation activity.

Public services in recent years become a central issue has forced all parties, both state and public institutions to perform again in its implementation regulations. Although the provision of public services is an obligation that must be done by the government as the organizer of the state. However, the obligation to provide such services are still not able to give satisfaction to the user community. To realize good governance requires the synergistic partnership between agencies both within and outside the government bureaucracy. The agencies include the private sector and civil society. Partnerships must be built in an environment that is transparent, which is built with good communication, especially in any decision-making. This meant that the policies are formulated to meet the expectations of society. Thus, the partnership between government, communities and businesses are expected to promote the establishment of governance, development and public services more democratic and more professional.Pelayanan publik dalam beberapa tahun terakhir menjadi isu sentral telah memaksa semua pihak, baik negara dan lembaga publik untuk tampil lagi dalam peraturan pelaksanaannya. Meskipun pelayanan publik adalah kewajiban yang harus dilakukan oleh pemerintah sebagai penyelenggara negara. Namun, kewajiban untuk menyediakan layanan tersebut masih belum mampu memberikan kepuasan kepada masyarakat pengguna. Untuk mewujudkan tata pemerintahan yang baik membutuhkan kemitraan sinergis antara lembaga baik di dalam dan di luar birokrasi pemerintah. Badan-badan termasuk sektor swasta dan masyarakat sipil. Kemitraan harus dibangun dalam lingkungan yang transparan, yang dibangun dengan komunikasi yang baik, terutama dalam pengambilan keputusan. Ini berarti bahwa kebijakan yang diformulasikan untuk memenuhi harapan masyarakat. Dengan demikian, kemitraan antara pemerintah, masyarakat dan bisnis diharapkan untuk mendorong terwujudnya pelayanan pemerintahan, pembangunan dan publik yang lebih demokratis dan lebih profesional.

Shariah in the country and there is a very close relationship and can not be separated in the framework of the implementation and enforcement of Islamic law for the benefit of mankind in this atmosphere of state and nation. It will also mean that the goal of reduction in the Islamic Shariah is not solely for the implementation of the rituals of worship per se, but more than that is a legal instrument which should be obeyed in the life of the country to regulate the system of government. Shariah as the legal system, has set the basics, norms, ethics, values. And for its development based on dynamic and development of the human life handed over to the Muslims to manage and develop without abandoning the spirit of the shari'ah.

Rukun Warga 002 Kelurahan Meruya Selatan runs a government program, namely assistance for recipients of a certificate of being unable to meet the community's needs and aims to improve the community's welfare. Rukun Warga 002 has community services, namely death certificate services, making ID cards, disability certificates (SKTM), birth certificates, and many more. In carrying out assistance, most of the community complained that they did not get help, while some people were considered capable of getting this assistance. The researcher carried out data processing techniques with observation, literature study, and questionnaires based on this background. In contrast, the data processing used data mining to determine the incapable recipient's proper or inappropriate status, namely by using the Naïve Bayes algorithm while using the Rapidminer application, aiming to test the dataset's accuracy. In the dataset of incapacitated recipients used in this study, there are 35 records with eight attributes: name, occupation, age, status, income, vehicle, ownership, and roof of the building, while this research aims to predict and produce level values. Accuracy in providing assistance letters of incapacity to the people of 002 sub-district of Meruya Selatan using the naïve Bayes method. The trial results show that the system accuracy rate is 62.86%, a recall of 78.57%, and 52.38% precision.

This study aims to describe the ability of teachers to implement online learning in private primary schools in North Sumatra PAB. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a descriptive research type. Descriptive research in this study aims to describe the observed data. The population in this study were 31 schools in North Sumatra PAB private primary schools. The sampling technique in this study was random sampling, while the sample in this study was 9 schools with each school being taken by one teacher as the research sample. The data collection technique in this research is observation. The data analysis technique is using the descriptive data analysis technique. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: the teacher's ability to implement online learning in North Sumatra PAB primary schools is low. The low ability of teachers is caused by several factors, but in this study the biggest factor is the lack of teacher motivation in learning technology, which causes online learning not to be carried out as expected. Therefore, the government's attention to the mastery of technology for all teachers is something that needs to be improved considering that one of the biggest indicators of the times is the rapid development of technology.

The Khilafah Institution is claimed to be a part of Islam teachings that is impeccable and certainly true, because Muslims are brethren and it is impossible among Muslims to fight over the position of Caliph. However khilafah is a political institution that is not always spotless and sacred from power struggle. Abdul Malik ibn Marwan began his political career in the Caliphate when he was appointed as governor of Medina by the Muawiyyah when he was only 16 years old. Before becoming a caliph, he was known as a 'zuhud' figure and was regarded as one of the ulama (scholars) of Medina. He was known as an expert on Islamic jurisprudence and a scientist who admire knowledge. Since childhood, he had memorized the Qur'an and studied directly from Usman. In addition to learning to memorize the Qur'an, he also studied hadith, fiqh, tafsir, and more. He was known for being a very intelligent person. He explored Islam from his acquaintances in depth and made Islamic laws well preserved. Unfortunately, when he became the caliph a change occurred in him. Therefore, no scientific discussion was referred from him during his caliph time.

This study aims to describe about communication planning of political advertisement (ads) by candidate in local election's Riau 2018. Basically there is no guarantee that can ensure a candidate's victory is determined by the number of political ads displayed along the way. But political ads can be utilized by canditates to attract public attention through creative ideas. This study uses qualitative methods with descriptive analysis. The result of this study showed that the political ads, used by the elected candidates in local election 2018 in Riau, are part of the political marketing communication process carried out by Syamsuar-Edy Nasution and their team. The communication plan was a systematic and comprehensive political decision starting from research, planning, development, trial planning, implementation and monitoring. The strength factor's is from candidate's himself. While the weakness factors are from regulations, differences perception between the candidate's successor team and budget constraints.

Prime Minister John Howard's behaviour often considered conservative and "Anti- Asian", no exception to Indonesia. John Howard viewed Indonesia did not have a strategic position for Australia's national interests. This study answered the question on "how did the dynamic of Australia-Indonesia bilateral relations at Prime Minister John Howard's era in 1996-2007?". At his administration, John Howard issued numbers of policy towards Indonesia, which are the policy related to East Timor issue, counterterrorism cooperation, the policy of Pacific Solution, assistance for tsunami disaster in Aceh that happened in 2004. These policies apparently made impacts to Australia- Indonesia bilateral relations. During eleven years administration of Prime Minister John Howard, the bilateral relations between Australia-Indonesia has experienced its dynamics of ebb and flow. These dynamics primarily caused by policies that Prime Minister John Howard issued, which gave more benefit to the Australian Government and created imbalance relations between two countries. Therefore, it became more interesting to be discussed for further study regarding which policies that gave more benefit for the Australian Government and in a contrary gave less benefit to Indonesian Government, thus the position of two countries became an imbalance in bilateral relations context. This research is expected to be a reference for other researchers who will examine the bilateral relations between Australia-Indonesia in John Howard's era because there are still many aspects between the two countries relations that have not been elaborated by the researcher, namely economic, education and socio-cultural.