Suchergebnisse

Tratamos da coordenação horizontal de políticas, a partir do estudo da relação entre o desmatamento nos assentamentos de reforma agrária e o licenciamento Ambiental Rural. São identificados falhas técnicas, administrativas, de integração e coordenação na implementação do instrumento. A eficácia contra o desmatamento está em ações coordenadas e integrações políticas, institucionais, técnicas e estruturais de diversos setores.

Transformations towards effective and righteous climate policies, institutions and actions require coherent policies on climate change mitigation and adaptation, from global to local level. In Brazil, most of the GHG emissions come from changes in land use and from the agriculture and livestock sectors. Agro systems and natural systems such forests are connected when we think about climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and both systems have a key role in supporting transformation towards resilient social- ecological systems. We present a case-study analysis on the Brazilian climate change policy process related to forest, agriculture and livestock. The paper is based on a mix-method approach combining social network analysis (Wasserman and Faust 1994, Scott 2000, Borgatti, Everett and Johnson 2013) and discourse network analysis (Leifeld, 2013) to understand the arrangement of actors according to their discourses and beliefs and according to their interactions with other actors in the climate change policy domain. Our objective is to understand the relationship between discourse and interaction – information exchange and collaboration – networks and how this combination is likely to produce an effect on the policy process towards transformation in the mitigation and adaptation policies in Brazil. The case-study is a result of analysis of 105 interviews gathered in 2014 and 2015, with policy actors from distinct sectors in Brazil.

This paper investigates the adoption of discourses on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD +) across different national contexts. It draws on institutional theories to develop and test a number of hypotheses on the role of shared beliefs and politico-economic institutions in determining the discursive choices of policy actors. The results show that win win ecological modernization discourse, embraced by powerful government agencies and international actors, dominates national REDD + policy arenas. This discourse is challenged primarily by a minority reformist civic environmentalist discourse put forward primarily by domestic NGOs. We find evidence that countries with a less democratic political system and large-scale primary sector investments facilitate the adoption of reconciliatory ecological modernization discourse, which may not directly challenge the drivers of deforestation. Policy actors who believe in and are engaged in market-based approaches to REDD + are much more likely to adopt ecological modernization discourses, compared to policy actors who work on community development and livelihoods issues. ; Peer reviewed

This paper explores the political opportunities and challenges associated with facilitating integration of climate change mitigation and adaptation in land use policy processes across levels of governance in Indonesia. Since the 2nd IPCC assessment report it has been recognized that mitigation and adaptation display important synergies in the land use sector (Klein et al. 2005, Nabuurs et al. 2007). While previous research has proposed various ways to integrate adaptation and mitigation activities (Murdiyarso et al. 2005), we know little about what is needed to effectively integrate policy decision-making processes and policy objectives across levels of governance (Locatelli et al. 2015, Doherty and Schroeder 2011, Ravikumar 2015). We understand multi-level governance as 'the existence of overlapping competencies among multiple level of governments and the interaction of policy actors across those level', which result in 'multi-level policy networks' (Marks et al. 1996: 41-2) and reflect a multi-actor polycentric polity structure (Mayntz 1994, Ostrom 2010). Mechanisms that determine the structure of cross-level interactions – whether they result in dominance, separation, merger, negotiated agreement or systems change – are determined by: i) authority and power differentials; ii) level and limits of decentralization; iii) contrasting discourse; iv) cognitive transitions; and v) blocking - or supporting - policy coalitions (Young 2006). This paper investigates multi-level governance processes within the sub- domains of climate change mitigation and adaptation in the land use sector. It focuses in particular on assessing the differences and the level of integration among these two sub-domains across national and sub-national governance levels. It does so by investigating the role of policy coalitions and of central policy actors in facilitating interactions across national, province and district levels in Indonesia. It adopts an institutional approach and social network analysis approach (Scott 2000, Young 2006). ...

Human-driven environmental change has brought attention to the importance of ecosystems in sustaining human health and well-being. There are various schools of thought and fields of inquiry and action that seek to understand health in relation to linked social and ecological phenomena. We describe 18 such fields and outline common elements and incongruities among them. They converge around the application of systems thinking and crossing disciplinary boundaries, while differences are found in methodologies, research foci and problem framing. Although fields encourage sustainable and equitable pathways for health promotion, depoliticized and ahistorical approaches continue to be standard practice. Future research calls for a deeper commitment to examining ourselves as political actors, making space for conversations around power dynamics, and (re)centering participants in research methodologies.

Most of the climate policy integration literature focuses on mainstreaming mitigation OR adaptation into sectoral policies. Such approaches, however, tend to ignore possible interactions between climate change adaptation and mitigation, which are particularly important in the land use sector. This paper investigates climate policy integration and coherence in the forest and agricultural sector s in Indonesia. It assesses the extent to which climate change policies display internal 'climate change policy coherence'between climate change mitigation and adaptation objectives, and 'external policy coherence' between climate change and non - climate change objectives of land use policies. The results indicate a shift since 2014 from a predominantly vertical to a more fragmented form of horizontal policy integration. In sufficient political action, resources and knowledge on vulnerability and adaptation options in forestry and agriculture and limited attention to reconcile mitigation and development objectives in land use sector are the main obstacles to internal and external policy integration. A present, for the most part climate change efforts still need to translate into revised sectoral policies. In a fragmented and predominantly horizontal policy architecture the willingness of sectoral ministries to recognize the importance of climate change objectives and of synergies between mitigation and adaptation will be crucial to moved toward a more effective climate policy integration.

In the land use sector mitigation, adaptation and development policies are all closely linked and can impact each other in positive and negative ways. It is therefore essential that these relationships are taken into account in order to enhance synergies and avoid or reduce trade-offs. This can be achieved through a specific form of Climate Policy Integration (CPI), which integrates first mitigation and adaptation policy processes and subsequently mainstreams climate policies into development processes. We have explored these processes through case studies in the land use sectors of Brazil and Indonesia. CPI in the land use sector presents a number of challenges related to cross-sectoral and cross-level integration. Unless a governmental CPI authority mandates that sectoral ministries integrate their efforts, sectoral competition over control of decision-making processes may prevail, hampering CPI. Cross-level integration is weakened by differences in understanding, priorities and power across levels of governance.

This article proposes an innovative theoretical framework that combines institutional and policy network approaches to study multi-level governance. The framework is used to derive a number of propositions on how cross-level power imbalances shape communication and collaboration across multiple levels of governance. The framework is then applied to examine the nature of cross-level interactions in climate change mitigation and adaptation policy processes in the land use sectors of Brazil and Indonesia. The paper identifies major barriers to cross-level communication and collaboration between national and sub-national levels. These are due to power imbalances across governance levels that reflect broader institutional differences between federal and decentralized systems of government. In addition, powerful communities operating predominantly at the national level hamper cross-level interactions. The analysis also reveals that engagement of national level actors is more extensive in the mitigation and that of local actors in the adaptation policy domain, and specialisation in one of the climate change responses at the national level hampers effective climate policy integration in the land use sector.

This article proposes an innovative theoretical framework that combines institutional and policy network approaches to study multi-level governance. The framework is used to derive a number of propositions on how cross-level power imbalances shape communication and collaboration across multiple levels of governance. The framework is then applied to examine the nature of cross-level interactions in climate change mitigation and adaptation policy processes in the land use sectors of Brazil and Indonesia. The paper identifies major barriers to cross-level communication and collaboration between national and sub-national levels. These are due to power imbalances across governance levels that reflect broader institutional differences between federal and decentralized systems of government. In addition, powerful communities operating predominantly at the national level hamper cross-level interactions. The analysis also reveals that engagement of national level actors is more extensive in the mitigation and that of local actors in the adaptation policy domain, and specialisation in one of the climate change responses at the national level hampers effective climate policy integration in the land use sector. ; Peer reviewed