Suchergebnisse

La Ley de Educación Universitaria, aprobada por la Asamblea Nacional y vetada luego por el presidente de la República, configura un escenario que muestra algunas concepciones del partido gobernante relativas al sector universitario y su papel en la sociedad venezolana. Se observó cautela del jefe de Estado en su promulgación, la cual a la postre llevó a su veto, fundamentalmente por serias observaciones de sectores de izquierda ligados a la gestión gubernamental, centradas en la autonomía, el sistema de votación de los sectores universitarios y las competencias del Ministerio de Educación Universitaria, que hacían en la práctica inaplicable su articulado. Se hace un análisis crítico de los aspectos positivos y negativos de tal ley. ; The University Education Law, passed by the Venezuelan National Assembly, then vetoed by the President of Venezuela, established a scenario that shows some conceptions held by the ruling party regarding universities and their role within Venezuelan society. The President showed caution in terms of passing the law, vetoing it fundamentally due to serious criticism coming from left-leaning sectors with ties to the government, mainly based on autonomy, voting system of the university sectors and the powers of the Ministry of University Education, which made the law inapplicable due to practical reasons. A critical analysis of the positive and negative aspects of the law is made. ; A Lei de Educação Universitária, aprovada pela Assembléia Nacional e vetada depois pelo Presidente da República, configura um cenário que mostra algumas concepções do partido governante relativas ao setor universitário e seu papel na sociedade venezuelana. Observou-se cautela do chefe de Estado em sua promulgação, a qual posteriormente levou a seu veto, fundamentalmente por sérias observações dos setores de esquerda ligados à gestão governamental, centradas na autonomia, o sistema de votação dos setores universitários e as competências do Ministério de Educação Universitária, que fariam na pratica sua articulação inaplicável. Faz-se uma análise crítica dos aspectos positivos e negativos de tal lei. ; 91-97 ; juancv@ula.ve ; cuatrimestral

ABSTRACT: Road traffic accidents are currently between the seventh and tenth leading cause of death in the world, with approximately 1.35 million people killed per year. Despite extensive efforts by governments, according to the World Health Organization, road accidents still cause far too many deaths, especially among pedestrians, cyclists and two-wheel motor vehicle riders, who together account for almost 50% of road traffic fatalities. In particular, Spain had 410,974 traffic accidents between 2016 and 2019, involving 722,516 vehicles and 61,177 pedestrians with varying degrees of injury. This study uses the Bayesian network method to understand how the pedestrians? responsibility and actions at the time of the traffic accident affect the injury suffered by said pedestrian, also considering the variables of the road infrastructure and vehicles at the accident site. The results confirm that the variables linked to the unsafe behavior of pedestrians, and their responsibility in traffic accidents, increase the risk of suffering serious or fatal injuries during an accident; for example, if a pedestrian is distracted this increases his/her probability of suffering a severe injury (27.86%) with respect to not being distracted (20.73%). Conditions related to traffic in high-speed areas, areas with no or poor lighting, and areas lacking sidewalks, also record increases in pedestrian injury, as is the case in the age group of pedestrians over 60 years of age.

Road traffic plays a vital role in countries' economic growth and future development. However, traffic accidents are considered a major public health issue affecting humankind. Despite efforts by governments to improve traffic safety, the misalignment between the policy efforts and on-ground infringements, distractions and breaches reflect the regulatory failure. This paper uses the Bayesian network method to investigate unsafe behaviors and traffic accidents involving unlicensed drivers as a perspective for the regulatory alignment assessment. The findings suggest that: (1) unlicensed drivers are more likely to have unsafe driving behaviors; (2) the probability of being involved in a severe traffic accident increases when the drivers are unlicensed and decreases in the case of licensed drivers; (3) young drivers are noticeably more likely to engage in unsafe behaviors, usually leading to serious injuries and deaths, when their driving licenses are invalid; (4) women are more likely to engage in right-of-way violations and to have collisions with no serious injuries, contrary to unlicensed men drivers, who are involved in other types of traffic accidents resulting in serious injuries.