Suchergebnisse

Identification processes take place in a specific political and sociocultural environment, which limits the constructivist potential of political actors and affects the final result. The article presents the results of the research project "Institutional, Historical, and Cultural Framework of the Formation of All-Russian Identity in the North Caucasus," aimed at identifying the institutional and socio-cultural conditions and factors of identity policy pursued by the Russian authorities in the North Caucasus. According to the results of empirical research, Russian identity in the North Caucasus is being built as a result of the interaction of all-Russian, ethnic, and confessional identities competing with each other. The expert survey and participant observation confirm and develop the conclusions that the identification sphere of the region carries the risks of conflicts caused by this competition. This assessment is confirmed by the analysis of documents on the regulation of ethno-confessional relations in federal subjects of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus. The ratio of the all-Russian and ethnocultural components in the documents defining the identity policy in the regions of the North Caucasus is equal, however, in certain areas of policy in five of the seven federal subjects, the priority of regulations that contribute to the institutionalization of ethnocultural identity is manifested. It is shown that symbolic resources in the process of the formation of the all-Russian identity in the North Caucasus are used inefficiently. The conclusion is made about the necessity of strengthening the all-Russian vector in the identity policy in the North Caucasus.

Introduction. This article represents an analysis of the state of the Old Believers' "schism" in the Don Cossack Host Region (Province or Oblast) in the early 20th century: determining the Old Believers' concords existing in the region, as well as their numbers and localization. Methods and materials. The empirical base of this article consists of a complex of archival documents, the clergy records, which represent the clerical documentation of the churches of the Don and Novocherkassk Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. The member churches, as well as the numbers of the Old Believers and their belonging to different concords, were recorded in those documents on an annual basis. This is the first time that the statistical component of the complex of those sources is introduced into the scientific operation. The methodological base of this article is represented by the principles of scientific objectivism and systematicity, which are traditional for historical science. Based on those principles, we could reveal and correctly determine the complex of historical sources, while their systematic study provided the opportunity to make conclusions on the state of the Old Believers' community of the Don Region in the early 20th century, to reveal the Old Believers' concords (persuasions), which were popular in the Don Cossack Host Region in the period under examination, and to determine their localization peculiarities). Analysis and results. As a result of the analysis, it was found out that in the territory of the Don Cossack Host Region there lived representatives of both concords: those who recognized the hierarchy ("Popovtsy", i.e. priesthood followers) and those who did not ("Bespopovtsy", i.e. not following priesthood). The former were represented by "Beglopopovtsy", i.e. fugitive priesthood followers, and the Austrian (Belaya Krinitsa) concord, with the latter divided into "Okruzhniki", i.e. followers of the 1862 Epistle, and "Neokruzhniki", i.e. those who did not recognize it. The "Bespopovtsy", along with a large group whose membership was not provided, were divided into "Pomortsy" (coastal church followers), "Pomortsy-Brachniki" (coastal church followers recognizing the marriage), and "Sredniki" (Wednesday tradition followers. As compared to the results of the First General Census of the Russian Empire, the Old Believers' population had decreased in the region, still comprising more than 5% of the total number of the local residents. The major part of the Old Believers was localized in the First and the Second Don Okrugs (districts). Most representatives of all concords lived in the Cossack yurt (small settlement) in the stanitsa (Cossack village) of Nizhny Chir. The characteristic feature of the Old Believers of the Don Region was their conflict-free living side by side with representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church, with co-believers, and with those following different concords.

The article reconstructs the history of the campaign of the Ryazan Razryad Regiment (Discharge Corps) in the North-Eastern Azov Sea area – the most poorly studied operation of the Russian-Turkish War of 1686–1699 based on the archival material. The specific dates of the campaign, the number and composition of the troops participating in it, their exact route is determined. The goals of the military expedition were to protect the region and build a port and a fortress on the northern coast of the Azov Sea. It is shown that the Mius Campaign of 1698 had an exclusively demonstration and colonization value.

Introduction. A new source on the history of the Bulavin Uprising of 1707–1709 is published: a report of the Azov Governor I.A. Tolstoy to the Ambassadorial Chancery of December 8, 1708, which is stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. It was sent in response to a request for an order about the Gulyashiy Chelovek (Freeman Wanderer) Grigory Zaitsev, nicknamed Banshick (Bath Attendant), accused of aiding Kondraty Bulavin. Analysis. Despite the brevity of the presentation, the document is very informative. It contains information about the events that took place in Cherkassk and Azov in June 1708. New details are reported about the organization of the rebel-led campaign against Azov, about Ataman K.A. Bulavin's hopes for support from the Azov residents and soldiers, about the conspiracy against him in Cherkassk, etc. No less important is the data on how the preliminary investigation of state crimes (participation in a rebellion) was conducted at the Ambassadorial Chancery in the second half of 1708. On the example of the G.K. Zaitsev's case we see that the investigation, which started because of a denunciation, was carried out in accordance with the norms of procedural law adopted at that time and was accompanied by the collection of evidence. At the same time, the paper is a source of biographical information about the person under investigation, who unwittingly became an agent of the Cherkassk's conspirators and an informant of the Azov governor. Methods. The publication is prepared in accordance with the applicable rules of archaeography. Results. The published document allows us to verify some other sources introduced into scientific circulation earlier, and extends the knowledge available in science about the culmination of the Bulavin Uprising.

The relevance of this article is dictated by the increased interest in regional history and the role of bureaucracy in the process of integration of national suburbs into the general imperial space. The aim of the study is the issue of printing business formation in the Kalmyk steppe of the early XX century in the context of the activities of the head of the Kalmyk people S. A. Kozin. By using the historical and genetic method, as well as using the experience of previous researchers based on the study of the records of the Administration of the Kalmyk people, it was possible to trace the process of formation of the printing business in the government system, initiated by the imperial official. Biographical method, based on the analysis of the record of service and the certificate of service of S. A. Kozin allowed us to study the personality of the person who contributed to the development of the Kalmyk steppe. Special attention is paid to the printed edition of the Administration of the Kalmyk People. In conclusion, the author draws the inference that the fact of opening the printing house indicates not only the technological backwardness of the region, but at the same time the increased needs of both the governing bodies of the Kalmyk steppe, and the autochthonous population directly involved in the general imperial space.

Introduction. Ineffective resolution of economic problems by political institutions can jeopardize a country's technological sovereignty in the face of existing geopolitical challenges. The purpose of the article is to identify areas for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of political institutions from the point of view of ensuring the economic security of the southern Russian regions, considering the challenges of socio-economic development that exist for them. Methodology and methods. This study centers on the Southern Federal District, which acts as an administrative entity responsible for implementing regional-level economic policies. The research utilized content analysis of scientific publications and comparative analysis of regional socio-economic indicators of economic development as part of implementing economic policy. The method for analyzing the influence of political institutions on economic development was based on the principle of balancing the combination of tactical and strategic decisions in assessing the effectiveness of implemented measures and was based on the basic principles of the theory of factors of production. Analysis. An analysis of the results of the economic policy pursued in the southern Russian regions showed that a relatively high level of resistance to sanctions challenges is ensured mainly by the export capabilities of agricultural products. However, the continued high level of import dependence on production increases the risk of conflict over the use of production factors between exportoriented companies and companies oriented to the domestic market, which creates significant threats to the implementation of national growth models. The turn of state economic policy towards the global East and South poses the tasks of the authorities of the southern Russian regions to develop transport infrastructure, as well as state support for companies participating in the construction of new production and supply chains. At the same time, increasing migration flows from border areas requires solving the problem of ensuring the socio-economic well-being of both the people moving and the host community. Results. It was found that the existing political risks to the economic development of southern Russian regions are associated with a lack of balance between the political decisions made and the strategic objectives of achieving technological sovereignty. It is concluded that the conditions of modern economic reality require economic and political mobilization to achieve value consensus and consolidation in society in order to solve the problems of economic development, implemented through the responsibility and patriotic position of political and economic elites at all levels of government. Authors' contribution. I.V. Mitrofanova: development and justification of the concept; interpretation and synthesis of research results; O.A. Chernova: formation of methodology; development of research design; content analysis; formulation of conclusions.

Introduction. The need to respond to external shocks determines the adjustment of state policy in order to maintain a stable socio-economic situation in the regions. This study aims to determine how the political strategy of solving the problems of increasing political stability and economic security is changing in the regions in the face of growing economic pressure from Western countries, as well as evaluate the effectiveness of the measures taken. Methodology and methods. The object of the study was the Volgograd and Rostov regions. Research methods included: a systematic approach to the analysis of the economic policy of the region as an integral component of ensuring national security in the face of external shocks; context analysis of documents adopted by the legislative authorities of the regions in relation to the implementation of economic policy; and a comparative analysis of indicators of economic security in the regions. As indicators characterizing the effectiveness of economic policy measures, indicators of the economic security of the region, formed in the context of the goals and directions laid down in the Economic Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, were used. Analysis. The results of the analysis showed that, from the point of view of maintaining economic security, the measures to support capitalist relations associated with the increment of the total assets of the region showed the greatest effectiveness. At the same time, there is a clear shortage of state support instruments in the social sphere. Results. It was found that the political goals of the authorities in the face of increasing current shocks have shifted from "adaptation as a way of survival", characteristic of the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, to "ensuring economic security through renewal." At the same time, a significant role in the implementation of political strategies of public administration in the regions was assigned to new practices of subsidiarity with a focus on strengthening cooperation between authorities, local communities, and the private sector. It is concluded that the ways of adapting the South Russian regions to current challenges involve the further development of intra-regional interactions among a wide range of agents, with special attention to the role of formal and informal institutions in solving the problems of ensuring economic security. Authors' contribution. I.V. Mitrofanova: development and substantiation of the concept, interpretation and generalization of research results, formulation of conclusions, design and editing of the manuscript; O.A. Chernova: formation of methodology, development of research design, context analysis of documents accepted by regional authorities, design and editing of the manuscript.

Introduction This article within the framework of Russian-Mongolian relations examines the regional aspect of cultural cooperation between Mongolia and Kalmykia in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The authors investigated a wide range of problems related to the place and role of Kalmykia in the history of Russian-Mongolian relations, studied the development of multifaceted interaction between two kindred peoples. Methods and materials. From a methodological point of view, this study is an experience of building a comprehensive vision of the problem. An interdisciplinary, comprehensive approach to solving current research problems makes it possible to synthesize all relevant aspects of studying the historical and cultural aspects of regional cooperation between Kalmykia and Mongolia within the framework of Russian-Mongolian relations. Analysis. 2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the establishment of Soviet-Mongolian official diplomatic relations. The Agreement between Mongolia and Russia signed on November 5, 1921 strengthened the military-political cooperation between the two countries, served as a broad international recognition of Mongolia as a sovereign state and played an important stabilizing role in the difficult situation in the Far East. In the 90s of the last century, Russia and Mongolia engaged in profound transformations. The scale of the work carried out by our countries demanded to shift all their attention to solving internal problems, which undoubtedly had a negative impact on the level of relations between the two states. Later, having solved the problems of radical transformations of society, Russia and Mongolia began to restore relations, but on completely new principles. In these conditions, along with other industries, the sphere of cultural interaction between Russia and Mongolia, the development of regional cooperation, becomes significant. One of the Russian regions is Kalmykia, which is linked with Mongolia by ancient historical roots, the unity of culture, religion, language and tradition. These factors play an important role in the further strengthening of good neighborly relations between Russia and Mongolia, in the development of regional cultural cooperation. Results. Studying the history of interaction between the two fraternal peoples in the past and present in the aspect of Russian-Mongolian relations provides rich material for an objective assessment of events in specific historical conditions. Kalmykia, like the border regions of Russia, makes a certain contribution to the strengthening of Russian-Mongolian relations.

The article presents the results of expert assessment of the state, risks and resources of strengthening the all-Russian identity in federal subjects of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasian Federal District. An in-depth analysis of the "identity portfolio" of the North Caucasian residents reveals the insignificant predominance of the all-Russian identity in the structure of the "identity portfolio". The authors conclude that, though the existing hierarchy of identities of the North Caucasian population is optimal for a polyethnic region, in modern conditions it is necessary to increase the role of the all-Russian identity as an integrating component. The multi-vector nature of the formation and strengthening of the all-Russian identity in the North Caucasian republics and Stavropol Krai at the level of the federal subjects are shown, and this requires a correction of the regional identity policy. It is concluded that the main subject of the formation of the all-Russian identity is state institutions. To increase the effectiveness of identity policy in the region the symbolic component of identity policy should be intensified, civil society should be involved in this work at a much larger scale and the resources of cultural and educational institutions should be used more actively.

Introduction. This study analyzes the anti-crisis policy of the southern Russian regions during the three waves of the pandemic, and also assesses the nature of its change as the corona crisis develops. It was important to identify how the regional anti-crisis policy determines the choice of mechanisms and tools for solving the problems of socio-economic development of regions. Methodology and methods. The analysis was carried out in accordance with the methodology proposed by G. Buckert, in the following areas of anti-crisis management: monitoring, training, decision-making, coordination, communication, leadership and recovery potential. The following methods were used to conduct the study: context analysis – a qualitative analysis of documents adopted by regional authorities; quantitative analysis – analysis of socio-economic indicators that reflect the reactions of the economy to decisions made by regional authorities. Analysis. The study showed that regardless of the strength of the impact of the corona crisis and the extent of the damage caused, the content of the policy of the regional authorities can be characterized as "following the center", which is largely due to the desire to avoid responsibility for the consequences of decisions made. At the first stages of the development of the corona crisis, the goals of containing the spread of coronavirus and state support for the most affected sectors of the economy from the introduction of restrictive measures were the priority. Starting from the second and subsequent waves of the pandemic, the introduction of various measures related to the mass vaccination of the population has become a key area of regional policy. Results. The key problem of the implementation of regional policy measures is identified – inefficient information work of regional authorities, which led to information asymmetry with the increased influence of the media on the social moods of citizens. It is concluded that in order to increase the efficiency of regional policy implementation measures in order to increase the sustainability of regional development, it is important that the ongoing coordination interactions between the authorities at different levels of government have clear goals for restoring the regional economy, and restorative measures should be prioritized with the supply maintenance policy.

Introduction. The study is devoted to the results of the implementation of regional projects by the federal entities of the Southern Federal District in 2019 within the reference points of competitiveness, sustainability, security, balance. Its peculiarity consists in the analysis of the interrelations between the achieved state of competitiveness, sustainability, security, balance, the level of socio-economic development in a particular region, the quality of the implementation of regional projects in the context of the specifics of the regional management system, the existing relations between authorities, economic entities, civil society institutions. At the same time, along with the quality of life, it is important to achieve political stability and security. Methodology and methods. The research methodology is based on the systemic paradigm of the relationship between the instruments of state regulation of regional development and the results of regional development within the reference points of competitiveness, sustainability, security, balance of regions, for which a database on the regional implementation of national projects was formed. In order to obtain quantitative characteristics, an integral scoring method of ranking with a correlation and regression analysis was applied. Analysis. The research showed that the higher the indicators of competitiveness, sustainability, security, balance, the better the quality of regional projects' implementation. In turn, the reference points: competitiveness, sustainability, security, balance are higher in the regions with high values of gross regional product in general and per capita, as well as these federal entities have higher values of the achieved standard of living. Results. The correlation between efficiency level of territorial economic systems, assessed on the basis of indicators of competitiveness, sustainability, security, balance and the quality of the results of national projects' implementation was studied, which made it possible to determine that the higher the level of regional development, the better national projects are realized. The idea is justified that the existing form of regional projects' implementation becomes a factor not smoothing, but strengthening the territorial differentiation, since regions with a better level of development and large gross regional product values due to regional projects receive an additional stimulus for further changes. The conclusion about the limited character of the approach that connects the issues of territories mainly with the lack of financial resources is made. Significant role of the institutional factor of regional development, especially risk-oriented management, in the implementation of national projects is shown.