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Age at the Time of First Completed Rape Victimization Rape Victimization as a Minor and Subsequent Rape Victimization ; 3. STALKING VICTIMIZATION ; Prevalence of Stalking Victimization ; Prevalence of Stalking Victimization by Race/Ethnicity; Tactics Used in Lifetime Reports of Stalking Victimization ; Type of Perpetrator in Lifetime Reports of Stalking Victimization ; Number of Perpetrators in Lifetime Reports of Stalking Victimization ; Sex of Perpetrator in Lifetime Reports of Stalking Victimization ; Age at the Time of First Stalking Victimization ; 4. VIOLENCE BY AN INTIMATE PARTNER

This article is the outcome of a consensus building workshop entitled, "Overcoming Barriers to Implementation and Dissemination" convened at the 2009 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference, "Public Health in the ED: Surveillance, Screening, and Intervention." The participants were asked to address potential methods for overcoming barriers to the dissemination and implementation in the emergency department (ED) of evidenced-based practices to improve public health. The panel discussed three broad areas of interest including methods for disseminating evidence-based practices, barriers encountered during the process of implementation, and the importance of involvement in activities outside the ED including engagement in policy development and improvement. Four recommendations were discussed in detail and consensus was reached. The recommendations included 1) researchers and advocates should disseminate findings through multiple forums beyond peer-reviewed publications when an ED-based public health intervention has enough evidence to support integration into the routine practice of emergency care; 2) local barriers to implementation of public health interventions should be recognized and well understood from multiple perspectives prior to implementation; 3) innovation must be put into place and adapted based on local institutional context and culture as barriers and the best methods for overcoming them will vary across institutions; and 4) use of legislation, regulation, and incentives outside of the ED should support and strengthen ED-based interventions. For each area of interest, research dimensions to extend the current understanding of methods for effectively and efficiently implementing evidence-based public health interventions in the ED were discussed and consensus was achieved.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249661.].

Since 1996, states have been implementing and enhancing their graduated driver licensing (GDL) programs. Increased licensing restrictions could steer new drivers to bypass training and licensing altogether. Unlicensed driving is associated with increased fatal crashes and high-risk behaviors that have been shown to adversely affect passenger safety behaviors like restraint use. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of varying state level GDL programs on rates of unlicensed driving and on passenger restraint use. De-identified data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System from years 1996–2010 was analyzed. Fatal crashes involving drivers (15–24 yrs) and their passengers (15–24 yrs) were included. Using a validated system, each state's GDL laws at a given month were rated as poor, marginal, fair, or good. The association between GDL strength and unlicensed driving was analyzed graphically and by chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression with generalized estimating equations were undertaken to assess the relationship between GDL strength and passenger restraint use. From January 1996 to December 2010, 26,504 (23.4%) passengers were involved in fatal crashes taking place in states with GDL programs rated poor, 21,366(18.9%) marginal, 33,603 (29.6%) fair, and 31,903 (28.1%) good. Rates of unlicensed driving ranged from 16.4% in state-months rated marginal versus 21.5% in state-months rated good (p<0.001). In the multivariate model, compared to states with poor GDL ratings, each additional rating boost was associated with an increased odds of passenger safety restraint use (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.13–1.18). Our findings suggest that stronger GDL law can mitigate passenger risk in fatal crashes by encouraging passenger restraint use. Our study provides evidence that stronger legislation in these states may reduce overall risk to young drivers and their passengers.

Objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a goal of prompt, complete and sustained elimination of industrially produced trans fats (iTFA) in the global food supply by 2023. We aimed to assess the number of products in the Australian packaged food supply likely to contain iTFA. Methods: Using a large pre-packaged food monitoring database collected in 2018, we searched the ingredient list using specific and non-specific ingredient terms to identify products likely to contain iTFA. Results: In total, 28,349 foods were included for analysis: 131 (0.5%) products contained specific ingredients indicative of iTFA, and 1,626 (5.7%) products contained non-specific ingredients that may indicate the presence of iTFA. Bread and bakery products, cereal and grain products and confectionery were the top three food groups that contained specific ingredients indicative of iTFA. Only 19 (14.5%) products with specific iTFA-indicating ingredients declared the amount of trans fats. Conclusions and implications for public health: Compared to other countries, the use of iTFA-containing ingredients is low in Australia, but repeated exposure to products containing iTFA could still put consumers at risk of excessive consumption. Legislation to eliminate iTFA should be considered to minimise the exposure to these harmful chemicals.