La tesi ha come obiettivo quello di costruire una revisione della letteratura sul tema "country of origin effect e turismo" basata sulla ricerca di articoli e riviste di marketing. La revisione prenderà in esame un arco temporale di 5 anni (dal 2009 al 2013). Nella prima parte della tesi viene definito il fenomeno del country of origin effect e vengono spiegati modelli, teorie e processi che sono alla base di questo concetto, con un focus particolare nell'ambito del settore turistico. Dopo la parentesi teorica, il lavoro spiega la fase di revisione della letteratura spiegando il metodo di analisi e classificazione delle riviste e degli articoli. Le conclusioni si concentrano sul rapporto tra effetto del Paese di origine e turismo, su come la letteratura scientifica affronta l'argomento e su nuove prospettive di indagine.
Polyurethanes (PU) are one of the most-used classes of synthetic polymers in Europe, having a considerable impact on the plastic waste management in the European Union. Therefore, they represent a major challenge for the recycling industry, which requires environmentally friendly strategies to be able to re-utilize their monomers without applying hazardous and polluting substances in the process. In this work, enzymatic hydrolysis of a polyurethane-polyester (PU-PE) copolymer using Humicola insolens cutinase (HiC) has been investigated in order to achieve decomposition at milder conditions and avoiding harsh chemicals. PU-PE films have been incubated with the enzyme at 50 °C for 168 h, and hydrolysis has been followed throughout the incubation. HiC effectively hydrolysed the polymer, reducing the number average molecular weight (M(n)) and the weight average molecular weight (M(w)) by 84% and 42%, respectively, as shown by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), while scanning electron microscopy showed cracks at the surface of the PU-PE films as a result of enzymatic surface erosion. Furthermore, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis showed a reduction in the peaks at 1725 cm(−1), 1164 cm(−1) and 1139 cm(−1), indicating that the enzyme preferentially hydrolysed ester bonds, as also supported by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) results. Liquid chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (LC-MS-Tof) analysis revealed the presence in the incubation supernatant of all of the monomeric constituents of the polymer, thus suggesting that the enzyme was able to hydrolyse both the ester and the urethane bonds of the polymer.
Polyurethanes (PU) are one of the most-used classes of synthetic polymers in Europe, having a considerable impact on the plastic waste management in the European Union. Therefore, they represent a major challenge for the recycling industry, which requires environmentally friendly strategies to be able to re-utilize their monomers without applying hazardous and polluting substances in the process. In this work, enzymatic hydrolysis of a polyurethane-polyester (PU-PE) copolymer using Humicola insolens cutinase (HiC) has been investigated in order to achieve decomposition at milder conditions and avoiding harsh chemicals. PU-PE films have been incubated with the enzyme at 50 °C for 168 h, and hydrolysis has been followed throughout the incubation. HiC effectively hydrolysed the polymer, reducing the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) by 84% and 42%, respectively, as shown by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), while scanning electron microscopy showed cracks at the surface of the PU-PE films as a result of enzymatic surface erosion. Furthermore, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis showed a reduction in the peaks at 1725 cm−1, 1164 cm−1 and 1139 cm−1, indicating that the enzyme preferentially hydrolysed ester bonds, as also supported by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) results. Liquid chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (LC-MS-Tof) analysis revealed the presence in the incubation supernatant of all of the monomeric constituents of the polymer, thus suggesting that the enzyme was able to hydrolyse both the ester and the urethane bonds of the polymer.
Air travel is contraindicated in patients with a pneumothorax but was necessary because of the exigencies of war in three patients. Three patients with high velocity missile injuries to the chest and pleural adhesions are reported. All had to be evacuated by air, without an intercostal drain or oxygen supplement, from the war stricken area of Northern Somalia (Horn of Africa) to Mogadishu. Two patients with a partial pneumothorax flew on military transport aeroplanes at an altitude of 3000 m in a non-pressurised cabin and recovered rapidly after a few days in hospital. One patient, transported on a small Cessna aeroplane, died after developing bilateral tension pneumothoraces.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS) created the GRSS "Standards for Earth Observation Technical Committee" to advance the usability of remote sensing products by experts from academia, industry, and government through the creation and promotion of standards and best practices. In February 2019, a Project Authorization Request was approved by the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) with the title "Standard for Spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) Data and Metadata Content." At present, 4 GNSS constellations cover the Earth with their navigation signals: The United States of America (USA) Global Positioning System GPS with 31 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) operational satellites, the Russian GLObal'naya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema GLONASS with 24 MEO operational satellites, the European Galileo with 24 MEO operational satellites, and the Chinese BeiDou-3 with 3 Inclined GeoSynchronous Orbit (IGSO), 24 MEO, and 2 Geosynchronous Equatorial Orbit (GEO) operational satellites. Additionally, several regional navigation constellations increase the number of available signals for remote sensing purposes: the Japanese Quasi-Zenith Satellite System QZSS with 1 GSO and 3 Tundra-type orbit operational satellites, and the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System IRNSS with 3 GEO and 4 IGSO operational satellites. On the other hand, there are different GNSS-R processing techniques, instruments and spaceborne missions, and a wide variety of retrieval algorithms have been used. The heterogeneous nature of these signals of opportunity as well as the numerous working methodologies justify the need of a standard to further advance in the development of GNSS-R towards an operational Earth Observation technique. In particular, the scope of this working group is to develop a standard for data and metadata content arising from past, present, and future spaceborne missions such as the United Kingdom (UK) TechDemoSat-1 TDS-1, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) CYclone Global Navigation Satellite System CYGNSS constellation coordinated by the University of Michigan (UM). In this article we describe the scene study, including fundamental aspects, scientific applications, and historical milestones. The spaceborne standard is under development and it will be published in IEEE-SA. ; This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Science Mission Directorate with the University of Michigan under Contract NNL13AQ00C. ; Peer Reviewed ; Article signat per 25 autors/es: Hugo Carreno-Luengo, University of Michigan (UM), Ann Arbor, MI, USA / Adriano Camps, CommSensLab-UPC, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain / Chris Ruf, University of Michigan (UM), Ann Arbor, MI, USA / Nicolas Floury, European Space Research and Technology Center (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Noordwijk, The Netherlands / Manuel Martin-Neira, European Space Research and Technology Center (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Noordwijk, The Netherlands / Tianlin Wang, University of Michigan (UM), Ann Arbor, MI, USA / Siri Jodha Khalsa, National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA / Maria Paola Clarizia, Deimos Space UK, Didcot, U.K. / Jennifer Reynolds, Deimos Space UK, Didcot, U.K. / Joel Johnson, Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA / Andrew O'Brien, Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA / Carmela Galdi, Universita degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy / Maurizio Di Bisceglie, Universita degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy / Andreas Dielacher, RUAG Space GmbH, Vienna, Austria / Philip Jales, Spire Global, Boulder, CO, USA / Martin Unwin, Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. (SSTL), Guildford, U.K. / Lucinda King, Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K. / Giuseppe Foti, National Oceanography Center (NOC), Southampton, U.K. / Rashmi Shah, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA / Daniel Pascual, Deimos Space UK, Didcot, U.K. / Bill Schreiner, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), Boulder, CO, USA / Milad Asgarimehr, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Potsdam, Germany / Jens Wickert, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Potsdam, Germany, Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany / Serni Ribo, Instiut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Barcelona, Spain, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE), Barcelona, Spain / Estel Cardellach, Instiut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Barcelona, Spain, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE), Barcelona, Spain. ; Postprint (published version)
In: Le nuove ragioni del socialismo: mensile di cultura e politica riformista ; mensile del Movimento per le Ragioni del Socialismo, Band 5, Heft 48, S. 43-45
Il sempre più crescente sentimento di tutela ambientale e il progressivo aumento del costo sul mercato globale delle fonti fossili stanno spingendo molti paesi ad una politica di incentivazione di produzione di energia elettrica da fonti rinnovabili . Infatti la generazione di energia elettrica e termica da fonti rinnovabili può fornire un contributo rilevante alla soluzione di diverse problematiche che affliggono il nostro paese quali la progressiva riduzione di emissioni di gas serra imposta dal protocollo di Kyoto e la necessaria diminuzione di consumo delle fonti fossili . In Italia , a seguito della liberalizzazione del mercato elettrico è stato introdotto il meccanismo dei "certificati verdi", cioè dei titoli al portatore cumulabili ceduti annualmente dal GRTN ai singoli soggetti produttori di energia "verde". Un modello di produzione di energia che permetta anche lo sfruttamento di risorse marginali è la generazione distribuita da fonti rinnovabili la quale utilizza gruppi di generazione di piccola taglia da localizzare nelle vicinanze del consumatore , il quale diventa così anche produttore. Le reti di distribuzione , nel caso italiano , presentano generalmente una configurazione di tipo passivo ; i flussi di potenza sono sempre diretti dalle sottostazioni AT/MT alle utenze ; con l'introduzione di generatori alla estremità delle linee cambiano i flussi di potenza attiva e reattiva, con ripercussioni sui livelli di tensione e sulle perdite lungo le linee . Pertanto la realizzazione di un parco di generazione da fonti rinnovabili nel quale insistano più forme di produzione energetica ( biomasse,idraulica,fotovoltaica ed eolica ) può costituire sia una reale applicazione per la riduzione dei costi aziendali dovuti alla necessità di climatizzazione degli ambienti interni e al consumo di energia elettrica sia un modello per la divulgazione di una cultura energetica basata sullo sfruttamento di fonti di energia "pulita".
Il lavoro di tesi si pone come obiettivo, dopo un'accurata definizione di rischio operativo e una attenta disamina delle metodologie di misurazione, delle politiche di gestione e delle proposte discusse recentemente dal Comitato di Basilea, l'analisi dei sistemi di Operational Risk Management delle principali banche europee che utilizzano le metodologie avanzante per il calcolo del requisito patrimoniale a fronte del rischio operativo. Tale analisi è stata condotta visionando i bilanci consolidati e i report Pillar III pubblicati dal 2008 ad oggi, con lo scopo di evidenziare l'evoluzione che si è registrata nel corso degli anni, le peculiarità dei diversi sistemi e le differenze principali che si possono riscontrare tra i gruppi bancari italiani e continentali.
