Suchergebnisse

The legislation regulating of health insurance in Ukraine is analyzed. The indicators and the structure of the health insurance market in Ukraine are investigated, the main tendencies of its development are identified. The directions of reforming medical insurance are considered and the proposals on improving public administration in this area are given.

The stages of the marketing concept evolution are considered. They are: the production concept, the product concept, the selling concept, the marketing concept, the holistic marketing concept, the communication concept. It is determined that the choice of the marketing instruments depends on the main goal and market orientation of the company.The role of the communication component in this process is investigated. The prerequisites of communication marketing concept formation are set up. This concept defines the communication as the key element of the marketing management. The most important economic prerequisites are: the dominance of the new technological order in the economy, the increase in the scientific-and-technological and cultural level of the society, the widening of the informational exchange system, the creation of the market of information and knowledge, the formation of the global information and communication space.It is generalized, that the process of new information society formation, where information flows between market participants are dominant, transforms the main objective of the company: changing of the enterprise activity focus from production of goods and commercial efforts to promote them to establishing long-term mutually beneficial relationships with customers, government, partners, and society as well as within the organization and marketing communication is the major factor in the success of this process.

The present article analyses the hoards of the Bronze Age - Early Iron Age discovered in the forest-steppe and mountain-forest of the Trans-Urals, as well as the Middle and Lower Ob areas. Only three hoards dating back to the Bronze Age have been discovered: Andreevo, Prygovsky and Gladunino. By the Ural-Siberian standards, these are considerable collections consisting of metal-intensive symbolic objects (celts, knives, sickles). The hoards are grouped in the forest-steppe area, where the population of the Petrovo and Alakul cultures of the Andronovo community lived at that time (first half of the 2nd millennium BC). Conversely, hoards dating back to the Early Iron Age are localised in the taiga zone. Being characterised by a distinctive composition and definite chronological contexts, these hoards reflect profound changes in the lifestyle of Siberian aborigines caused by the widespread introduction of metal, the development of reindeer herding, new communication corridors and fur trade. The first group is represented by hoards that comprise symbolic metal items dating back to the second half of the 1st millennium BC (Azov Mountain, Karaulnaya Mountain, Lozvinsky, etc.). Sometimes they are accompanied by arms (arrowheads and chopping weapons). This group of hoards is unanimously considered to be votive in character. The hoards of the second group (from the 1st century BC to the 2nd-3rd centuries AD) are confined to the lower reaches of the Ob and Irtysh, as well as the Surgut Ob area (Istyatsk, Kazym and Gornoknyazevsk). They are characterised by the presence of bronze cauldrons or other packaging, items of long-distance import (Parthian or Bactrian silver medallions; helmets made in Central Asia; a large number of Sarmatian and even Chinese bronze mirrors, often with engraved local images). Hoards of that period, aimed at hiding prestigious and valuable things, are seen as retrievable. Hoards belonging to the third group (3rd-8th centuries AD) can be referred to as weapon hoards (Parabel, Kholmogory, Ishim, etc.). They are localised mainly in the lower tributaries of the Ob in its middle course. They predominantly consisted of various weapons: arrowheads, spears, axes, sabres, broadswords, combat knives. In addition, bronze mirrors and plates having concentric ornaments, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic images were found in all complexes. Weapon hoards, interpreted as sacred arsenals, reflect the dominant priorities of that time (formation of the military elite; a special status of military practices) and growing military tensions caused by the struggle for control over the foraging territories and trade routes. © 2019 Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All Rights Reserved. ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 18-09-40011 ; Funding. This work was supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 18-09-40011.