Suchergebnisse

This is an extended review essay of the book Radical democracy and collective movements today: The biopolitics of the multitude versus the hegemony of the people. In it, I examine the authors' attempts to synthesize the political theoretical approaches associated with Ernesto Laclau and Antonio Negri, and I argue that such a synthesis can only be an unstable one, since the two approaches operate with incompatible conceptions of ontology.

The idea of 'folklore' has been intensely criticized in recent years. This essay takes these criticisms as its point of departure, offering its own proposal for critically reexamining and reconceptualizing - but not abandoning - the idea of folklore. The author argues that a serious engagement with the idea of 'the folk' can serve as an entry point for understanding the symbolic ambiguity as well as the social significance and political power of what scholars call (or used to call) folklore. Scholars should neither uncritically accept the ideology of the folk, nor hastily banish the idea to the safe realm of the 'emic' as if it had no bearing on the way we as scholars think. If the study of folklore has relevance in today's world, it is above all because of the unusual notion that some kinds of expression are conditioned by some kind of social entity that can be called a folk, which continues to provide the most productive basis for a scholarly discipline studying folklore.

Hypervelocity impacts occur on bodies throughout our solar system, and play an important role in altering the mineralogy, texture, and magnetic properties in target rocks at nanometer to planetary scales. Here we present the results of hypervelocity impact experiments conducted using a two-stage light-gas gun with 5 mm spherical copper projectiles accelerated toward basalt targets with ~6 km s−1 impact velocities. Four different types of magnetite- and titanomagnetite-bearing basalts were used as targets for seven independent experiments. These laboratory impacts resulted in the formation of agglutinate-like particles similar in texture to lunar agglutinates, which are an important fraction of lunar soil. Materials recovered from the impacts were examined using a suite of complementary techniques, including optical and scanning electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and high- and low-temperature magnetometry, to investigate the texture, chemistry, and magnetic properties of newly formed agglutinate-like particles and were compared to unshocked basaltic parent materials. The use of Cu-projectiles, rather than Fe- and Ni-projectiles, avoids magnetic contamination in the final shock products and enables a clearer view of the magnetic properties of impact-generated agglutinates. Agglutinate-like particles show shock features, such as melting and planar deformation features, and demonstrate shock-induced magnetic hardening (two- to seven-fold increases in the coercivity of remanence Bcr compared to the initial target materials) and decreases in low-field magnetic susceptibility and saturation magnetization. © The Meteoritical Society, 2017. ; Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 17-17-01279 ; Rochester Academy of Science, RAS ; Acknowledgments—We thank the anonymous reviewer for the review and constructive suggestions and Prof. Oliver Tschauner for useful suggestions and the editorial handling, which helped to improve the manuscript. The work is supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, agreement no. 02.A03.21.0006 and is performed according to the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University. We gratefully acknowledge support by the U.S. National Science Foundation IRM Visiting Fellowship to N.S.B. D.D.B. was supported by Program no. 7P of Presidium RAS and a Russian Science Foundation Grant 17-17-01279. D.D.B. acknowledges the staff at the Center of Microscopy and Nanotechnology of the University of Oulu (Finland) for assistance with some aspects of electron microprobe and SEM works.

Abstract The cytokines controlling the development of human interleukin (IL) 17--producing T helper cells in vitro have been difficult to identify. We addressed the question of the development of human IL-17--producing T helper cells in vivo by quantifying the production and secretion of IL-17 by fresh T cells ex vivo, and by T cell blasts expanded in vitro from patients with particular genetic traits affecting transforming growth factor (TGF) beta, IL-1, IL-6, or IL-23 responses. Activating mutations in TGFB1, TGFBR1, and TGFBR2 (Camurati-Engelmann disease and Marfan-like syndromes) and loss-of-function mutations in IRAK4 and MYD88 (Mendelian predisposition to pyogenic bacterial infections) had no detectable impact. In contrast, dominant-negative mutations in STAT3 (autosomal-dominant hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome) and, to a lesser extent, null mutations in IL12B and IL12RB1 (Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases) impaired the development of IL-17--producing T cells. These data suggest that IL-12Rbeta1- and STAT-3--dependent signals play a key role in the differentiation and/or expansion of human IL-17-producing T cell populations in vivo. ; The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique, the European Union (grant LHSP-CT-2005-018736), the BNP Paribas Foundation, the March of Dimes, the Dana Foundation, and the Candi'Oser Association. L. de Beaucoudrey is supported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale as part of the PhD program of Pierre et Marie Curie University. J.L. Casanova is an International Scholar of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.