Suchergebnisse

Este artículo de revisión traza un panorama de los estudios sobre las culturas juveniles latinoamericanas en los últimos veinticinco años, en un viaje que va del siglo XX al XXI (de la Generación X a la Generación @), con un prólogo en la Generación de las Tribus y un epílogo en la Generación Indignada. De los estudios pioneros sobre bandas y tribus urbanas, a los estudios más recientes sobre redes y culturas juveniles transnacionales, las expresiones culturales juveniles constituyen una óptica privilegiada para analizar las juventudes, sus continuidades, sus cambios y su contribución a la evolución social, política y cultural de las sociedades latinoamericanas en su conjunto. ; Este artigo de revisão traça uma visão geral dos estudos sobre as culturas juvenis da América Latina nos últimos vinte e cinco anos, em uma viagem que vai do século XX ao século XXI (da Geração X à Geração @), com um prólogo na Geração das Tribos e um epílogo na Geração Indignada. Dos estudos pioneiros sobre bandas e tribos urbanas, até os estudos mais recentes sobre redes e culturas juvenis transnacionais, as expressões culturais juvenis constituem uma perspectiva privilegiada para analisar as juventudes, suas continuidades, suas mudanças e sua contribuição para a evolução social, política e cultural das sociedades latino-americanas em seu conjunto. ; This review article traces an overview of the studies on Latin American youth cultures over the past twenty-five years, from the 20th to the 21st century (from Generation X to Generation @), with a prologue in the Generation of Tribes and an epilogue in the Indignant Generation. From the pioneering studies on urban gangs and tribes to the most recent studies on transnational youth networks and cultures, youth cultural expressions offer a privileged perspective to analyze youths, their continuities, changes and contribution to the social, political and cultural evolution of Latin American societies as a whole. ; Este texto se basa en los resultados de varios proyectos de investigación, el último de los cuales ha recibido financiación del European Research Council (ERC) en el marco del programa de Investigación e Innovación de la Union Europea HORIZON 2020, Grant Agreement N° 742705.

The chapter aims to analyze "the surface of the underground", that is, the cultural images that construct and deconstruct youth identities through language, music, aesthetics, cultural productions and focal identities, as a creative reflection of social conditions of generation, class, gender, ethnicity and territory. It is divided into four sections. In the first one it will be carried out a look towards the past, analyzing the historical antecedents of the studies on youth cultures in Latin America. In the second section we carry out a look towards different youth cultural actors: "tribes" in Spain in the 80s, "gangs" in Mexico in the 90s, "scenes" in Spain in the mid 90s, "cybercultures" around 2000, and "movements" after 2011 uprisings. In the third section it will be analyzed a transnational youth subculture that can be seen as a synthesis of the previous types. In the fourth and last section we introduce some theoretical reflections about youth cultures today as a way of conclusion. ; This publication has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's HORIZON 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 742705.

El artículo se propone reconstruir algunas narrativas teóricas sobre la juventud, articuladas en torno al concepto de crisis. Para ello, repasa las aportaciones de cinco autores del siglo XX, provenientes de distintas disciplinas, escuelas teóricas y coyunturas de crisis: Erik H. Erikson (1968) y su teoría sobre la juventud como "crisis normativa"; Stanley G. Hall (1904) y su teoría sobre la adolescencia como fase de "tempestad y estímulo"; Antonio Gramsci (1929-31) y su teoría sobre juventud, hegemonía y crisis de autoridad; Margaret Mead (1970) y su teoría sobre la capacidad prefigurativa de la crisis juvenil; Dick Hebdige (1979) y su teoría sobre el punk como metáfora de la crisis. El artículo concluye preguntándose qué elementos de estas teorías deben descartarse y cuáles pueden rescatarse, para comprender la metamorfosis de la condición juvenil tras las secuelas de la última crisis y para diseñar políticas públicas y privadas más efectivas para enfrentarla. El texto incorpora un postscriptum sobre la crisis del coronavirus. ; The article proposes to reconstruct some theoretical narratives about youth, articulated around the concept of crisis. For this, it reviews the contributions of five authors of the twentieth century, from different disciplines, theoretical schools and crisis situations: Erik H. Erikson (1968) and his theory on youth as "normative crisis"; Stanley G. Hall (1904) and his theory on adolescence as a "storm and stress" phase; Antonio Gramsci (1929-31) and his theory on youth, hegemony and crisis of authority; Margaret Mead (1970) and her theory on the prefigurative capacity of the youth crisis; Dick Hebdige (1979) and his theory about punk as a metaphor for the crisis. The article concludes by asking what elements of these theories should be discarded and which can be rescued, to understand the metamorphosis of the juvenile condition after the aftermath of the last crisis and to design more effective public and private policies to face it. The text incorporates a postscriptum about the crisis of coronavirus. ; El artículo surge de las sinergias generadas por la Red de Excelencia sobre Juventud y Sociedad – REJS 2.0, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, de la que soy IP [CSO2015-71988-REDT y CSO2017-90618-REDT]; así como de dos proyectos de investigación, uno nacional: La implantación de la Garantía Juvenil en España: Jóvenes, trabajo y futuro – GARJUVE, Ministerio de Economía y Competividad [CSO2015-66901-R]; y otro europeo: Cultural Narratives of Crisis and Renewal – CRIC, European Union: Horizon-2020 [H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014-645666]. Su redacción y revisión se ha hecho en el marco del proyecto Transnational Gangs as Agents of Mediation – TRANSGANG, financiado por el European Research Council [H2020-ERC-AdG-742705].

Ernesto Rodríguez (Montevideo, 1954) es uno de los referentes latinoamericanos en los estudios y las políticas de juventud. Su interés por la juventud surgió durante su militancia juvenil y maduró durante la dictadura militar uruguaya (1973-1984) en el seno de la oposición democrática. Tras la recuperación de la democracia, Rodríguez fundó el Centro Latinoamericano de la Juventud (Celaju), el cual se convirtió en un think tank sobre estos temas para todo el subcontinente. En los últimos años ha sido el máximo exponente de lo que puede denominarse «juvenología aplicada», asesorando a gobiernos y organismos públicos internacionales en políticas de juventud, sin dejar de investigar y preocuparse por la evolución de las juventudes. La entrevista hace un recorrido por su trayectoria, explica el origen de las instituciones nacionales e internacionales en las que trabajó y contiene un epílogo con una reflexión a distancia sobre los efectos de la pandemia entre las nuevas generaciones ; Ernesto Rodríguez (Montevideo, 1954) is one of the Latin American referents in youth studies and policies. His interest in youth arose during his youth militancy and matured during the Uruguayan military dictatorship (1973-1984) within the democratic opposition. After the recovery of democracy, Rodríguez founded the Latin American Youth Center (Celaju), which became a think tank on these issues for the entire subcontinent. In recent years he has been the greatest exponent of what can be called «applied youthology», advising governments and international public organizations on youth policies, while continuing to investigate and worry about the evolution of youth. The interview takes a tour of his career, explains the origin of the national and international institutions in which he worked, and contains an epilogue with a remote reflection on the effects of the pandemic among the new generations. ; Ernesto Rodríguez (Montevidéu, 1954) é um dos referentes latino-americanos em estudos e políticas juvenis. Seu interesse pela juventude surgiu durante sua militância juvenil e amadureceu durante a ditadura militar uruguaia (1973-1984) dentro da oposição democrática. Após a recuperação da democracia, Rodríguez fundou o Centro da Juventude Latino-Americana (Celaju), que se tornou um think tank sobre essas questões para todo o subcontinente. Nos últimos anos, ele tem sido o maior expoente do que se pode chamar de «juventude aplicada», assessorando governos e organismos públicos internacionais sobre políticas de juventude, ao mesmo tempo em que continua investigando e se preocupando com a evolução da juventude. A entrevista faz um tour pela sua carreira, explica a origem das instituições nacionais e internacionais em que atuou e contém um epílogo com uma reflexão remota sobre os efeitos da pandemia entre as novas gerações.

TRANSGANG aims to develop a renewed model for the analysis of transnational youth gangs in the global age, in dialogue with two classics of urban ethnography, published nearly a century ago: The Gang, by F.M. Thrasher (1926) and The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, by W. I. Thomas and F. Znaniecki (1918- 1920). To do this, the project will start by a systematic review of the historical literature on youth gangs, which will try to overcome the north-Americancentrism, dominant in contemporary criminology. The central phase of the research will focus on a multisited and multilevel ethnography that will explore experiences in which gangs have acted as agents of mediation, as well as the barriers that have blocked these attempts. The project will compare street youth organizations from two transnational communities -Latinos and Arabs-, both in their homelands and in their new European neighbourhoods. Starting with three case studies of "good practices" in Barcelona, Medellin and Casablanca, which will be studied in depth, contrasts with other cases in which other policies have been implemented will be established: Madrid, Marseille and Milan in southern Europe; Oran, Tunis and Cairo in north Africa; Chicago, Santiago de Cuba and San Salvador in the Americas. Using an experimental approach based on the "extended case method", it will have as its theme the making of a film that collects the experience of members or former members of gangs who have participated in mediation experiences. The ultimate goal is to develop a renewed transnational, inter-generational, intergeneric and transmedia approach to Twenty-Firstcentury gangs, very different from the local, coeval, male and face-to-face model used for understanding gangs in the Twentieth century. Although the focus of the project is theoretical, its purpose is applied: to deduce more effective ways of intervention to prevent the hegemony of the criminal gang model that appears as dominant in the neoliberal era. ; The TRANSGANG project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's HORIZON 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement nº 742705

Webster's dictionary defines flow as 'a smooth uninterrupted movement' and as 'a continuous transfer of energy'. In hip-hop culture, the word is used to express movements that blend in a musical and bodily sense, and by extension, a social and cultural sense. This is why the Young Latin Kings and Ñetas, two immigrant collectives in Barcelona who were considered dangerous 'Latin gangs' up until a few years ago, chose this term to name their project of conflict resolution through music. Their project was presented in 2008, after two years of hard work in a youth centre in Nou Barris (a working-class district in Barcelona with a long tradition of hosting immigrants). This article seeks to analyse the social context and the social processes of juvenile identity (re)construction, considering the music and artistic production Unidos Por El Flow of the Latin Kings and Ñetas as a major argument for the importance of music and the arts in identity (re)structuring and social inclusion of many youths. ; This article is supported in two research projects: TRANSGANG: Transnational Gangs as Agents of Mediation: Experiences of conflict resolution in youth street organizations in Southern Europe, North Africa and the Americas. European Union: HORIZON-2020, European Research Council - Advanced Grant [H2020-ERC-AdG-742705]; and KISMIF: Keep it Simple, Make it Fast! Prolegomenos and Punk Scenes: A Road to Portuguese Contemporaneity (1977–2012) (FCT – Fundação da Ciência e da Tecnologia, Portugal, 2012–15 (PTDC/CS-SOC/118830/2010).

This text is an attempt to review some academic work on youth cultures carried out in Spain since the transition to democracy (although some earlier work related to the subject, stemming from the late Franco period, is also brought up). The nearly 200 contributions analyzed (books, papers, theses, unpublished reports and journal texts) were grouped into different academic areas such as criminology, sociology, psychology, communication or anthropology, and theoretical trends ranging from "edifying" ecclesiastic post-war literature to the Birmingham school, to post-subcultural studies. The works are classified into seven major periods marked by different youth styles which act as distorting mirrors of social and cultural changes that are taking place: the late Franco times (golfos and jipis), the transition to democracy (punkis and progres), the post-transition (pijos and makineros), the 1990s (okupas and pelaos), the beginning of century (fiesteros and alternativos), the Latin kings and ñetas (2005̶ 2010) and finally, in the present, the ninis and indignados. ; This study is part of a larger project commissioned by the Spanish Youth Institute (Injuve), under the title "Youth Cultures in Spain: Urban Tribes" (Feixa et al. 2004). It has been updated under the projects KISMIF (Fondação da Ciência e da Tecnologia, Portugal, PTDC/CS-SOC/118830/2010) and TRANSGANG (HORIZON-2020, European Research Council - Advanced Grant, H2020-ERCAdG-742705).

Social inequality regarding gender and social class is a topic of long-term interest in social research. However, the intersections between the two variables in the reproduction of inequalities in the field of education require further investigation. The longitudinal research project 'Social Inequality in Higher Education' aims to shed light on these processes in Spain. In this article, we focus on the intersection of social class and gender in the transition from school-to-university, specifically on study choice. We show several gender differences, e.g. a male tendency to avoid displaying insecurity that may hamper their access to support, in particular in the intersection with lower social class. Thanks to our mixed-methods approach, combining focus groups and personal interviews from a longitudinal perspective, we are able to compare these methods regarding the gender and class differences they produce. ; This study was supported by a PhD scholarship granted to Tanja Strecker by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports [FPU 2012], by the Catalan Government funding of the research group Centre for Youth and Society Studies (JOVIS) [2014SGR0683] and by EU funding [H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014-645666]. This research article has received a grant for its linguistic revision from the Language Institute of the University of Lleida (2016 call).

Rap and mahragan were the sound of youths that demanded freedom and social justice in Tahrir Square and in Tunisia Parliament Square sit-ins during 2011. It may have been, not merely the soundtrack of the revolution, but a motivating factor in bringing people into the streets and reshaping their basic political subjectivity: a core process of any revolutionary change in a country's social and political structures. On the one hand, rap and mahragan are used by young people as a way of calling into question the processes of marginalization. On the other hand, young people use it as a way of participating in public life. Despite its differences, from a mixed analysis using the data collected in the SAHWA project, both qualitative and quantitative, this article proves how rap and mahragan music scenes (re)produce informal spaces as an alternative to their social marginalization and positioned them into Tunisian and Egyptian political arenas in different places according to environmental political dialectics. ; This article has received funding from the FP7 and from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's HORIZON 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements No. 613174 and No. 742705.

Este trabajo indaga en las distintas formas de participación juvenil que emergieron a través de los movimientos del 2011, específicamente a través del caso del 15M español. Basa la investigación en un trabajo etnográfico local, y busca comprender el espacio que ocupan los jóvenes politizados en los movimientos sociales pos-15M, así como las reacciones que generan su participación en el campo político y en el espacio social. Presta especial atención a las dinámicas de normalización que se reproducen en el campo del activismo y a las formas de vigilancia y control que recaen sobre esos agentes que intentan romper esa "norma". ; Este trabalho explora as diferentes formas de participação juvenil que emergiram através dos movimentos de 2011, especificamente através do caso espanhol 15M. Baseia a pesquisa em um trabalho etnográfico local e busca compreender o espaço ocupado por jovens politizados nos movimentos sociais pós-15M, bem como as reações geradas por sua participação no campo político e no espaço social. Presta especial atenção às dinâmicas de normalização que se reproduzem no campo do ativismo e às formas de vigilância e controle que recaem sobre os agentes que tentam quebrar essa "norma". ; This work explores the different forms of youth participation that emerged through the 2011 movements, specifically through the Spanish case of the 15M. The research is based on a local ethnographic work and aims at understanding the space occupied by politicized young people in the social movements coming after 15M, as well as the reactions generated by their participation in both the political field and the social spheres. It pays close attention to the dynamics of normalization that are reproduced in the field of activism and the forms of surveillance and control that affect the individuals who try to break that "norm." ; Este proyecto ha recibido financiación del European Research Council (ERC) en el marco del programa de Investigación e Innovación de la Unión Europea Horizon 2020 [grant agreement No. 742705], así como del VI Programa Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica, Gobierno de España [CSO2012-34415 y CSO2017-90618-REDT].

This project has received funding from the European Union's HORIZON 2020 Research programme under the Grant Agreement no. 742705.

El artículo aborda la trayectoria del historiador colombiano Carlos Mario Perea, centrándose en sus aportaciones a los estudios sobre juventud. A partir de una conversación con Carles Feixa, se reconstruyen las principales etapas de su vida, como joven, militante político e investigador, desde sus recuerdos como estudiante en la Bogotá de los años setentas, hasta su compromiso con el proceso de paz en los últimos años, pasando por su militancia en el M-19, su trabajo en organizaciones de base en Medellín en los años ochentas, su trayectoria académica en el Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Relaciones Internacionales y sus in!uyentes estudios sobre pandillas juveniles. El texto concluye con una lúcida crítica sobre los aportes y dé"cits teóricos de la juvenología latinoamericana y con una emotiva re!exión sobre la relación del juvenólogo —que no se reconoce como tal— con sus propios hijos ; The article addresses the trajectory of the Colombian historian Carlos Mario Perea, focusing on his contributions to youth studies. From a conversation with Carles Feixa, the main stages of his life are reconstructed, as a young man, a political activist and a researcher, from his memories as a student in Bogotá in the 1970s to his commitment to the peace process in recent years, going through his militancy in the M-19, his work in grassroots organizations in Medellín in the 1980s, his academic career at IEPRI and his in!uential studies on youth gangs. The text concludes with a lucid criticism of the theoretical contributions and de"cits of Latin American youthology and with an emotional re!ection on the relationship of the youthologist —who is not recognized as such— with his own children ; O artigo aborda a trajetória do historiador colombiano Carlos Mario Perea, concentrando-se em suas contribuições aos estudos sobre a juventude. A partir de uma conversa com Carles Feixa, são reconstruídas as principais etapas de sua vida, quando jovem, ativista político e pesquisador, de suas memórias como estudante em Bogotá na década de 1970 até seu compromisso com o processo de paz nos últimos anos, passando por sua militância no M-19, seu trabalho em organizações de base em Medellín na década de 1980, sua carreira acadêmica no IEPRI e seus in!uentes estudos sobre gangues juvenis. O texto termina com uma crítica lúcida às contribuições e dé"cits teóricos da juvenologia latino-americana e com uma re!exão emocional sobre a relação do juvenologista —que não é reconhecido como tal— com seus próprios filhos ; Este proyecto ha recibido "nanciación del European Research Council (ERC) en el marco del programa de Investigación e Innovación de la Unión Europea Horizon 2020, grant agreement No. 742 705

This article reproduces a conversation between Carles Feixa and Maritza Urteaga, researchers in youth studies, whose paths converge in the critical study of contemporary youth culture. Carles Feixa, PhD, is Professor of Social Anthropology at the Pompeu Fabra University (Barcelona) and holds a Doctorate Honoris Causa from the University of Manizales (Colombia). He was previously a lecturer at the University of Lleida, and has been visiting scholar in Rome, Mexico City, Paris, Berkeley, Buenos Aires, Santiago de Chile, Newcastle and Lima. He has also been a public policy consultant for the United Nations and VP for Europe of the "Sociology of Youth" research committee of the International Sociological Association. In 2017 he was awarded the icrea Academia Award by the Autonomous Government of Catalonia and an Advanced Grant from the European Research Council. Maritza Urteaga, PhD, is Research Professor at the National School of Anthropology and History in Mexico City, and a level ii member of the National System of Researchers in Mexico. This conversation reviews Feixa's career, from its beginnings in the 80s to the present, to determine whether there is something that can be called Ibero-American "youthology". ; This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) in the HORIZON 2020 Research and Innovation programme of the European Union, grant agreement No 742705: Transnational gangs as agents of mediation: Experiences of conflict resolution in youth street organizations in Southern Europe, North Africa and the Americas (www.upf.edu/web/transgang).

In this special edition on popular music we seek to explore Simon Frith's (1978: 39) argument that: "Music's presence in youth culture is established but not its purpose." 'Songs that sing the crisis' captures contemporary accounts which build upon popular music's legacy, courage and sheer determination to offer social and cultural critique of oppressive structures or political injustice as they are being lived by young people today. Young people have consistently delivered songs that have focused on struggles for social rights, civil rights, women rights, ethnic and sexual minorities rights, through creative anger, emotion and resistance and we know that music matters because we consciously feel the song (DeNora, 2000). However, in the aftermath of the post 2008 global economic and cultural crises, young people in particular have faced austerity, social hardship and political changes, which have impacted on their future lives (France, 2016, Kelly and Pike, 2017). This Special Issue assesses the key contestation where popular music is a mechanism to not only challenge but to think through ordinary people's experience and appeals for social justice. The present introduction starts by presenting the historical and theoretical background of this research field. Then introduces the articles about the songs that sing the crisis in Portugal, Spain, Ireland, Denmark, Egypt and Tunisia through the rhythms of rap, hip-hop, fado, electronic pop, indie rock, reggaeton, metal and maghragan.

Since the beginning of the economic crisis in Spain young people have migrated abroad looking for job opportunities. In the meantime, after the 15-M movement in 2011, Spanish society created various social movements hoping to make change happen, as well as the pro-independence movement in Catalonia that gathered strength as a response to the Spanish economic and political crisis. This paper analyses how Spanish young people in London, as transmigrants rooted in two different countries, engage with the politics of their home country through two transnational social movements in London: ANC England and the Maroon Wave London. The article describes both local movements (comparing their goals, structure and activities), showing the reasons that young Spanish migrants get involved and their experiences within them. It also rethinks the nature and modalities of young diasporic identities and political engagement in the global age through the experiences of the young people interviewed.