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Intro -- Foreword by Mark Van Hoecke -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Author's Note -- Introduction: Scope and Subject -- I. The History of Comparative Law and a History of Comparative Law -- II. The Dominance of Descriptive Linearity -- III. Comparative Law as a Discipline and the Application of Comparative Methods in Law -- IV. Ancient or Modern History of Comparative Law Thinking -- V. Comparative Law and Comparative Constitutional Law -- VI. A Mezzo Perspective Approach -- 1. The History of Comparative Law and Kuhn's Oeuvre -- I. Studying Science as a Historical Phenomenon: Some Preliminaries -- II. Applying Kuhn's Legacy to Understand the History of Comparative Legal Studies -- III. Lessons from Kuhn in the Historiography of Legal Scholarship -- 2. Historical and Comparative Jurisprudence -- I. Introduction: The Centuries-long Pre-paradigm Period and the Rise of the First Paradigm -- II. Prologue: The Modern Precursors and the Pre-Paradigm Period -- III. General Background: The Rise Of Positivism and the Idea of Evolution -- IV. Historical and Comparative Jurisprudence - the Emergence of the Paradigm in England -- V. From Ethnologische Jurisprudenz to Vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft - the Birth of a Paradigm in Germany -- VI. The First Paradigm of Modern Comparative Law: A Summary -- 3. The Paradigm of Droit Comparé -- I. Fin-de-siècle Atmosphere -- II. A New Wave of Institutionalisation -- III. The 1900 Paris Congress of Comparative Law -- IV. The Establishment of the New Paradigm -- V. The Development of the Paradigm - Functionalism, Global Law and Scepticism -- VI. Characteristics of the Second Paradigm -- 4. The Third Paradigm - Post-World War II Comparative Law -- I. Introductory Remarks: The New World Order and Comparative Law Scholarship -- II. The Taxonomy of the World's Legal Orders.

This paper is devoted to the discussion and critical analysis of the various uses of the term 'legal culture' in recent comparative legal studies. It submits that the application of the concept of legal culture has had no consensually shared approach in comparative law; instead, numerous different ways exist. The main approaches of legal culture in comparative studies have been the use of this concept as (i) background, (ii) interactions around law, and (iii) a sum of attitudes towards law. In addition, the use of this term is even more complicated as certain typical inconsistencies may also be identified. Examples show (i) the confusion of different understandings of legal culture found within the same study; and that (ii) the under-theorisation and (iii) over-theorisation of legal culture can both be regarded as such typical inconsistencies. In conclusion, the paper calls attention to a more restricted, self-reflective and critical application of this term as the prerequisite of an efficient scholarly use.

This article examines how judges can raise points of law ex officio in a comparative context. Based on Schlesinger's case oriented factual method, it compares the relevant provisions of Italian, Hungarian, Swiss, French, Belgian, German and Austrian civil procedure. The main conclusion is that there is no common legal solution in Europe and that the national legal systems developed divergent approaches. However, two models can be identified: in the first system, the principle of judicial passivity plays a crucial role, while the second one is based on a general authorization under strict control with special regard to the requirements of a fair trial. Because of this duality, this paper argues that a unified model does not actually exist. However, contrary to the apparent divergences, a common core composed of two elements can be drafted.

Constitutional law as a mirror of transition to liberal democracy and its backsliding in Eastern Europe / Marie-Elisabeth Baudoin -- The opposite is true as well : inconsistent values and attitudes in Hungarian legal culture : empirical evidence from and speculation over Hungarian survey data / Gyargy Gajduschek -- Transition to democracy and determinacy of legal concepts : a Brandomian semantics view / Maciej Dybowski -- The rebirth of customary law in a time of transition : the case of Albania / Jan Bazyli Klakla -- Transitioning boundaries between law and social practice : corruption in Hungary before and after 1989 / Petra Burai -- Law, politics, and the economy in Poland's post-socialist transformation : preliminary notes towards an investigation / Rafa Mako -- Between path dependence and political elite capture : the second chambers in Central and Eastern European unitary states explained / Dario Äepo -- Explaining the trajectories of post-Communist democratization : the case of Albania / Ketrina Ãabiri Mijo and Adela Danaj -- The hollowing out of institutions : law-making and policymaking in contemporary Serbia / Danilo Vukovia -- Collective memory and historical determinacy : the shaping of the Polish transition / Miroslaw Sadowski -- Justice (Lost) in transition : assessing the ICTY legacy / Axelle Reiter -- The opening of the constitutional order of democracy in transition towards supranational constitutionalism : the Bulgarian case / Martin Belov -- The V4 cooperation and the European schism over the migration crisis : the history of political thought in the service of political analysis / Ferenc Hãrcher

Die Konferenz "International Conference for the 10th Anniversary of the Institute of Comparative Law" hat am 24. Mai 2013 in Szeged stattgefunden. Im Rahmen der viersprachigen Konferenz haben mehr als dreißig Teilnehmer ihre Forschungsergebnisse präsentiert. Der Essay von Zoltán Péteri blickt auf die Disziplin aus der Perspektive der Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Katalin Kelemen und Balázs Fekete gehen in ihrem Aufsatz der Frage nach, welchen Weg die Versuche der Klassifikation der Rechtssysteme von Osteuropa in der späten Phase der Umbrüche der 1980/90er Jahren genommen haben. Die historische Betrachtungsweise mit Bezug auf Rechtsgeschichte und Rechtsvergleichung spiegelt sich auch in anderen Essays wider, vor allem in den Aufsätzen von Szilvia Bató, Magdolna Gedeon und Béla Szabó P. sowie auch in den Aufsätzen von Péter Mezei und Tünde Szűcs. Attila Badó analysiert die Rechtsvergleichung aus der Sicht des Rechts, der Soziologie und der Politikwissenschaft anhand von Untersuchungen über das Sanktionsystem der Richter in den USA. Diese politikwissenschaftliche Seite wird auch in den Aufsätzen über die aktuellen Fragen der europäischen Integration von Carine Guemar und Laureline Congnard betont. Eine Reihe von Aufsätzen behandeln die konventionelle normative Komparatistik auf dem Gebiet des Verfassungsrechts (Jordane Arlettaz und Péter Kruzslicz), Gesellschaftsrechts (Kitti Bakos-Kovács), Urheberrechts (Dóra Hajdú) und Steuerrechts (Judit Jacsó). Daneben bilden eine weitere Gruppe die Aufsätze von János Bóka und Erzsébet Csatlós, die die Verwendung der vergleichenden Methode in der Praxis der Rechtsprechung untersuchen. Die Rechtsvergleichung ist eine sich dynamisch entwickelnde Disziplin. Die Konferenz und dieser Band dienen nicht nur der Würdigung der bisherigen Arbeit des Instituts für Rechtsvergleichung, sondern zeigen gleichzeitig neue Ziele auf. Die wichtigsten Grundsätze bleiben aber fest verankert auch in einem sich stets verändernden rechtlichen und geistigen Umfeld. Das Motto des Instituts lautet "instruere et docere omnes qui edoceri desiderant" – "alle lehren, die lernen wollen." Auch in den folgenden Jahrzehnten werden uns der Wille des Lernens und Lehrens, die Freiheit der Forschung sowie die Übertragung und Weiterentwicklung der ungarischen wie globalen Rechtskultur leiten.