Suchergebnisse

A healthy and developing financial sector is a key support to balanced and sustainable economic growth. And as the countries of central Europe - the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia - approach EU membership and ultimately adoption of the euro, the litmus test for financial sector performance will be its success in supporting such growth and the process of convergence to EU income levels.

Neuropsychology of facial expression / William E. Rinn -- Brain pathology, lateralization, and nonverbal behavior / Pierre Feyereisen -- The development of facial expressions in infancy / Linda A. Camras, Carol Malatesta, and Carroll E. Izard -- Toward an ecology of expressiveness / Amy G. Halberstadt -- Facial expression / Paul Ekman and Maureen O'Sullivan -- Voice and emotion / Arvid Kappas, Ursula Hess, and Klaus R. Scherer -- Gesture and speech / Bernard Rim(c)♭ and Loris Schiaratura -- Expressiveness as an individual difference / Antony S. R. Manstead -- Social competence and nonverbal behavior / Robert S. Feldman, Pierre Philippot, and Robert J. Custrini -- Nonverbal behavior and self-presentation / Bella M. Depaulo -- Interpersonal coordination / Frank J. Bernieri and Robert Rosenthal -- Symbolic nonverbal behavior / Pio Enrico Ricci Bitti and Isabella Poggi -- A functional approach to nonverbal exchange / Miles L. Patterson

The paper examines the institutional channels through which Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in the European Union (EU) can affect the transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe and three Mediterranean countries that aspire to join the EU.After describing the current institutional framework for relations between the EU and these countries, the paper considers two categories of institutional implications of EMU. The first stems from the need to satisfy the Maastricht convergence criteria before joining the euro area. Although the Maastricht criteria are not accession criteria, many of the countries reviewed are already formulating their macroeconomic policies in a way that will facilitate convergence toward the Maastricht targets. The second implication stems from the need to adopt the EU's institutional and legal provisions in the area of EMU, such as those referring to the establishment of independent central banks, the prohibition of central bank financing of the government and the liberalization of capital movements. Finally, the paper discusses some of the key policy issues that EMU raises for the countries reviewed, in particular regarding exchange rate policy, capital account liberalization and the possible conflict between growth‐enhancing measures and the Maastricht criteria.