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Abstract: The processes of fragmentation (regionalization and localization) and globalization turn the state as the basic system forming element of the state-centric world political system into the component of the world political network. The political relations between actors of the world political network are ruled by the effectiveness and not by legitimacy ("victory rules"), what is different from the participatory principles of interstate relations ("participation rules") accepted by the Westphalian state system. The article argues that the post-Westphalian world political system will witness the clashes between victory rules and participation rules and their eventual coexistence since the very nature of the victory rules hinders its institutionalization, consolidation and legitimation. The article suggests that the new system of state relations regardless of the name will be not less Westphalian than the preceding one thus new participation rules will have to be formulated and codified. ; Аннотация: Процессы фрагментации (регионализации и локализации) и глобализации превращают государство из основного системообразующего элемента государственно-центричной мировой политической системы в компонент всемирной политической сети. В международно-политических отношениях акторов всемирной политической сети действуют правила повышения эффективности, а не легитимности («правила победы»), отличающиеся от «правил участия», принятых в Вестфальской системе взаимодействия современных государств. Для поствестфальской мировой политической системы будут характерны столкновение и сосуществование правил победы с правилами участия, так как природа правил победы препятствует институциональному оформления, правовому закреплению и легитимации этих правил. Автор утверждает, что новая система взаимодействия государств независимо от названия, которое она получит, будет столь же Вестфальской, как и все предшествующие, и для этой системы межгосударственного взаимодействия необходимо сформулировать и кодифицировать новые правила участия.

Argues that innovation has characteristics that make it unique from other types of economic activities. At a fundamental level, innovation is a non-routine social process that involves the creative deployment of knowledge. By examining the individual, the social and the geographic dimension of innovation, concludes that the Internet, while offering advantages in access to information, will not disrupt the geographic advantages associated with concentrations of resources, face-to-face interactions and serendipity or chance occurrences. (Original abstract - amended)

Background and Methods  We review articles pertaining to attitudes towards sexuality, sterilization, procreation and parenting by people with intellectual disabilities. Most empirical studies were conducted after the appearance of the principles of normalization and role valorization in the 1970s.Results  Across studies, special education teachers and university students appear to hold more positive attitudes towards sexuality and sexuality education programs than parents and service workers. People with intellectual disabilities have conservative attitudes towards sexual intercourse and homosexuality, but may be accepting intimate contact by familiar persons. Despite the ban on involuntary sterilization, it appears that many parents and teachers of persons with intellectual disabilities still support it as a form of contraception, especially for persons with severe intellectual disabilities. Likewise, attitudes towards parenting by persons with intellectual disabilities remain negative, and these attitudes may adversely affect the provision of competency‐enhancing supports and services for parents with intellectual disabilities and their children.Conclusions  It is recommended that new studies should be undertaken, comparing attitudes across different groups involved with persons with intellectual disabilities and examining the impact of prejudicial attitudes on sexual expression and parenting by persons with intellectual disabilities.

Статья посвящена анализу четырехтомника "Первая мировая война в оценке современников: власть и российское общество 1914-1918 гг.: в 4-х томах", подводящему итог многочисленным публикациям, посвященным столетию начала Первой мировой войны. ; The article is devoted to the analysis of the four-volume "the First world war in the assessment of his contemporaries: government and Russian society 1914- 1918: in 4 volumes" that sums up the numerous publications dedicated to the centenary of the outbreak of the First world war.