Abstract. Water plays a significant role in wetlands. Floodwater utilisation in wetlands brings a wide range of wetland services, from goods production and water regulation to animal protection and aesthetics related to water supply in wetlands. In this study, the floodwater utilisation values of wetland services were estimated within the Momoge wetland and Xianghai wetland in western Jilin province of northeastern China. From 2003 to 2008, the floodwater diverted from the Nenjiang and Tao'er River is 381 million m3, which translates into a monetary value of approximately 1.35 billion RMB in 2008 (RMB: Chinese Currency, RMB 6.80 = US$ 1), and the ratio of economic value, eco-environmental value, and social value is 1:12:2. Besides the monetary value of the water itself, excessive floodwater utilisation may bring losses to wetlands; the threshold floodwater utilisation volumes in wetlands are discussed. Floodwater utilisation can alleviate water shortages in wetlands, and the evaluation of floodwater utilisation in wetland services in monetary terms is a guide for the effective use of the floodwater resources and for the conservation of wetlands.
The closet exoplanets to the Sun provide opportunities for detailed characterization of planets outside the Solar System. We report the discovery, using radial velocity measurements, of a compact multiplanet system of super-Earth exoplanets orbiting the nearby red dwarf star GJ 887. The two planets have orbital periods of 9.3 and 21.8 days. Assuming an Earth-like albedo, the equilibrium temperature of the 21.8-day planet is similar to 350 kelvin. The planets are interior to, but close to the inner edge of, the liquid-water habitable zone. We also detect an unconfirmed signal with a period of similar to 50 days, which could correspond to a third super-Earth in a more temperate orbit. Our observations show that GJ 887 has photometric variability below 500 parts per million, which is unusually quiet for a red dwarf. ; German Research Foundation (DFG) FOR2544 JE 701/3-1 German Research Foundation (DFG) SPP 1992 JE 701/5-1 Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ST/P000584/1 ST/T000295/1 ST/P000592/1 Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion AYA2017-89637R AYA2016-79425-C3-3-S ESP2017-87676-C5-2-R ESP2017-87143R PGC2018-098153-B-C31 ESP2016-80435-C2-2-R Centre of Excellence "Severo Ochoa" Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia SEV-2017-0709 Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 3180405 Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) CONICYT/PFCHA-Doctorado Nacional, Chile 21140646 Spanish Government ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R PGC2018-098153-B-C33 European Union (EU) ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R PGC2018-098153-B-C33 Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA program Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ST/M001008/1 Australian Research Council DP0774000 DP130102695 DP170103491 NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute HST-HF2-51399.001 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades Ramon y Cajal fellowship RYC-2017-22489 Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ST/P000592/1 National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) NAS5-26555