Suchergebnisse

In recent decades, climate change, mostly caused by CO2 emissions, has become a critical issue of concern to people worldwide. It is necessary for countries all around the world to reduce carbon emissions. China, as the world&rsquo ; s largest carbon emitter, is under great pressure to implement carbon-reduction strategies. Technological progress plays a crucial role in balancing environmental and economic development. The main objective of this work is to empirically compare the effects of government and enterprise research and development (R and D) on carbon-emission reduction using the panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2009 to 2016. The effects of both government and enterprise R and D investment on carbon intensity are compared in detail through a linear model and a threshold-regression model. Linear-regression results shows that both government and enterprise R and D decrease carbon intensity, while enterprise investment tends to be more instant. Further threshold-regression results indicate that the effects of government and enterprise R and D on carbon intensity are different in different urbanization stages. Guiding enterprises to invest in R and D in medium-developing areas, and increasing government support and subsidies for R and D activities in underdeveloped areas should be an important goal of the government policies.

The article analyzes the problems of recruiting and the professional titles evaluation of rural teachers in China, and also discusses ways to solves them.

Through data envelope analysis, this article finds that the innovation efficiency of China's three regions is shrinking. From the perspective of Chinese fiscal federalism, we try to study the influence of two forms of local government competition (vertical competition and horizontal competition) on regional innovation efficiency. We find that both fiscal decentralization and competition among local governments effectively promote regional innovation efficiency, while there is no effective interaction mechanism between them. The attitude of local governments toward scientific and technological (S&T) activities also directly affects the efficiency of regional innovation. From the top of policy design, in order to establish a national innovation system and improve innovation efficiency, appropriate fiscal autonomy should be granted to local governments. Suggestions include that local governments should strengthen S&T activities and cooperate with each other, which is an important S&T policy guidance for central government in the future.

Purpose– With the prevailing microblogging phenomenon, many marketers have created their microblog accounts to promote products, advertise brands, and attract consumers. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of consumers' community commitment, information technology (IT) habit, and participation on their brand loyalty in the context of enterprise microblogs.Design/methodology/approach– A total of 364 valid data were collected from fans or followers of enterprise microblogs through a survey onWeibo.com. The data were analyzed with smart partial least squares.Findings– Community commitment and IT habit directly lead to brand loyalty and indirectly affect brand loyalty through the mediating influence of participation. Information quality, perceived expertise, and social interaction are antecedents of community commitment. Satisfaction, importance, and social interaction positively affect IT habit.Research limitations/implications– To enhance the generalizability of the study, future studies may examine findings in other platforms (e.g. Twitter) with a large sample size.Practical implications– Practitioners can increase consumers' brand loyalty through enterprise microblogs. Considerable attention should be directed to facilitating members' community commitment and IT habit. In addition, the study points out significant antecedents of community commitment and IT habit for researchers, managers, and companies.Originality/value– To uncover the marketing potential of microblogging technology, the authors highlight the need for investigating how enterprise microblogs generate promising marketing outcomes. The present study examines key determinants of brand loyalty. The model empirically shows the significant effects of community commitment, IT habit, and participation.

This study examined teacher perceptions of principals' social justice leadership and their effect on teachers' academic optimism in Taiwan, along with the moderating effects of teachers' gender, position, and school size. While a total sample of 1,470 elementary and secondary school teachers were surveyed, this study applied a multidimensional framework to examine social justice leadership. The results indicate that teachers perceive principals' social justice leadership to a high degree. Second, teachers' perceptions of social justice leadership significantly vary by gender, position, and school size. Third, social justice leadership positively relates to teachers' academic optimism. Fourth, gender has a moderating effect on the relationship of social justice leadership and teachers' academic optimism, which suggests that the practice of principals' social justice leadership is influenced by the inherent culture, at least to an extent.

Abstract
Automaticity involves Ca2+ handling at the cell membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Abnormal or acquired automaticity is thought to initiate ventricular arrhythmias associated with myocardial ischemia. Ca2+ flux from mitochondria can influence automaticity, and lysosomes also release Ca2+. Therefore, we tested whether lysosomal Ca2+ flux could influence automaticity. We studied ventricular human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), hiPSC 3D engineered heart tissues (EHTs), and ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from infarcted mice. Preventing lysosomal Ca2+ cycling reduced automaticity in hiPSC-CMs. Consistent with a lysosomal role in automaticity, activating the transient receptor potential mucolipin channel (TRPML1) enhanced automaticity, and two channel antagonists reduced spontaneous activity. Activation or inhibition of lysosomal transcription factor EB (TFEB) increased or decreased total lysosomes and automaticity, respectively. In adult ischemic cardiomyocytes and hiPSC 3D EHTs, reducing lysosomal Ca2+ release also inhibited automaticity. Finally, TRPML1 was up-regulated in cardiomyopathic patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) compared with those without VT. In summary, lysosomal Ca2+ handling modulates abnormal automaticity, and reducing lysosomal Ca2+ release may be a clinical strategy for preventing ventricular arrhythmias.