Suchergebnisse

Despite heritage languages (HL) being promoted by some Canadian provincial governments as a subject in school or through bilingual programs, students' learning outcome is not satisfactory due to the inadequate time allotment and the teaching methods applied. Therefore the purpose of this project is to propose a task-based language teaching (TBLT) model that can improve students' HL competence and learning enthusiasm. The works of literature on HL curriculum innovations, TBLT theoretical framework and community-based language acquisition are expounded in light of their contribution to the designing of this HL project model. For example, Wu (2002) and Douglas (2005) have all proposed their own HL instruction approaches for catering to HL learners' diverse language proficiencies and learning interests. Zapata (2018) has proposed a project to study how the digital Learning by Design instructional materials can enhance HL learners' literacy skills. The interpretations of "task" offered by Willis (1996), Nunan (2004), Ellis (2003; 2009), and Long (1985; 2015) have provided a solid theoretical basis for designing an applicable task in this project. The intergenerational approach (Cordella & Huang, 2016), service learning approach (Ruggiero, 2018), and assets-based approach (Kretzmann & McKnight, 1993) indicate how to tap into community resources and conduct community-based HL program. Based on the pedagogical enlightenment drawn from the literature, the author has designed three technology-facilitated interactive HL learning tasks for the classroom, home, and community respectively. The project not only contributes to bridging the gap in the current literature related to HL pedagogy innovations, but also provides a concrete model for Mandarin bilingual-school teachers to facilitate students' learning.

Executive pay relative to that of average workers has risen dramatically
worldwide. Such a high level of executive pay raises the question of whether
a steep rise in executive pay affects firm value. This study examined the
relationship between executive pay and firm value. A panel smooth transition
regression model is adopted to determine an optimal level of executive pay
that maximizes firm value for a sample of 512 Taiwanese-listed firms over the
period 2006-2011. The finding is that when the ratio of executive pay to net
income after tax exceeds 2.71%, the firm value increases. The results suggest
a correlation between large executive ownership (corresponding to high
executive pay) and both increased operational efficiencies and firm value.
These findings may be useful when contemplating executive compensation
policy.

This book explores the social implications and challenges of E-Business and E-Commerce regarding social inclusion and exclusion, the social shaping of e-business technologies, the changing nature and patterns of work and social activities, and online identity, security, risks, trust and privacy. It also explores the applications of E-Business technologies and principles in non-business activities and the challenges involved - Provided by publisher

PurposeThis study identifies three emerging approaches for leading successful digital transformation. It challenges the validity and effectiveness of traditional linear processes for digital transformation that first develop a new strategy, business model or organizational design enabled by digital technologies and then execute it according to the plan.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on current research with a group of global digital champions at the forefront of digital transformation, including Amazon, Alibaba, Baidu, Google, JD.com, Uber, VMWare and Slack.FindingsThe research finds that at least three new approaches are emerging in leading organizations, which are (1) innovating by experimenting, (2) radical transformation via successive incremental changes and (3) dynamic sustainable advantages through an evolving portfolio of temporary advantages.Research limitations/implicationsMore research is needed to systematically investigate such emerging approaches and develop new theories and new analytical frameworks.Practical implicationsThese emerging approaches can be used to guide digital transformation initiatives.Social implicationsThey also enable business leaders to tackle grand societal challenges using financially sustainable and scalable operational models, generating profit and impact at the same time.Originality/valueIt challenges traditional linear approaches for leading digital transformation and highlights the need for new and iterative approaches for bridging the strategy–execution gap in the volatile digital economy.

The dissertation is continuing research on the project named "Sustainable Development by Integrated Land Use Planning (SILUP) ", which has been completed cooperatively by both Chinese and German research institutions, taking Jiangning District as a typical research area to recognize the spatial patterns, monitor dynamic change, measure distinct extents, analyze the driving forces and access impacts of urban sprawl based on the technology of Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and so on. Over the past 30 years, urban development in China has been remarkable. Land development and consumption have been out of control and kept expanding massively, especially to marginal areas of some metropolises. The undesirable growth patterns in Chinese cities appear to threaten the goal of sustainable development and impose some costs socially, economically and environmentally on households, firms and governments. At present, the research on urban sprawl in China is still in a preliminary stage- the basic characteristics of urban sprawl are not explicitly defined and the understanding of its internal mechanisms has been maintained at the level of empirical theory. The dissertation deals with the existing literatures on the subject of urban sprawl, undertaking a thorough review in terms of similarities and differences, consensuses and disagreements among many researchers and publications by comparing definitions, indicators, causes and costs between the sprawl in Western countries and China. Looking at the example of the United States, urban sprawl occurred within a perfect market economic system. However, urban sprawl in many cities of China has emerged during a transition period of China's economy from a planned economic system to a market economic system. Is it appropriate to transfer the Western conceptualization of urban sprawl to China? To what extent can these results be applicable to China? Therefore, it is urgent necessary to find ways to research urban sprawl in Chinese cities. Key questions should be answered: What is the exact definition of urban sprawl? How do we express the basic characteristics of urban sprawl explicitly? What are the internal mechanisms of urban sprawl? What are the driving forces and impacts of sprawl? The objective of this dissertation is to structure a complete framework for areas in China which have similar development backgrounds as Jiangning, provide ideas of urban sprawl study in some developing countries which also have similar a development background with Jiangning and give references and ideas for comparative study on the problem of urban sprawl between areas in Western countries and China. This dissertation intends to provide some cautions to decision-makers which they can use to implement good planning for the future development of Jiangning. ; Die Abhandlung ist, während die subsequential Forschung des Projektes Sustainable Development durch integrierte Flächennutzung-Planung (SILUP) nannte, die kooperativ von den chinesischen und deutschen Forschung Anstalten erfolgt worden ist und nimmt Jiangning Bezirk als der typische Forschung Bereich, um die räumlichen Muster, dynamische änderung des Monitors zu erkennen, mißt eindeutigen Umfang, analysiert die Antriebskräfte und die Zugang Auswirkungen der städtischen Ausbreitung basiert auf der Technologie der Fernabfragung (RS), des geographischen Informationssystems (GIS), des etc. Über den letzten 30 Jahren ist städtische Entwicklung in China bemerkenswert gewesen. Landentwicklung und -verbrauch sind aus, die der Steuerung und gehaltener gewesen Erweiterung heraus, besonders zu den begrenzten Bereichen einiger Hauptstadt außer Betrieb sind. Die nicht wünschenswerten Wachstummuster der städtischen Ausbreitung in den chinesischen Städte scheinen, das Ziel der stützbaren Entwicklung zu bedrohen und etwas Kosten Haushalten, Unternehmen und Regierungen sozial, ökonomisch und umweltsmäßig aufzuerlegen. Zur Zeit ist eine Forschung auf dem Gebiet einer städtischen Ausbreitung in China noch in einem einleitenden Stadium, haben die grundlegenden Eigenschaften der städtischen Ausbreitung keinen ausdrücklichen Ausdruck, und die Realisierung seiner internen Einheiten ist im Niveau von empiricism beibehalten worden. Die Abhandlung wird mit den vorhandenen literatures bezüglich der städtischen Ausbreitung fertig und nimmt sich einen vollständigen Bericht in ähnlichkeiten und Unterschieden ausgedrückt, übereinstimmung und Widerspruch unter vielen Forschern und Publikationen auf, indem sie zwischen Definitionen, Anzeigen, Ursachen und Kosten von Ausbreitung in den Westländern und in China vergleicht, die unterschiedliche Hintergründe in der städtischen Ausbreitung haben. Ein Beispiel von Vereinigten Staaten nehmend, trat städtische Ausbreitung mit einem Wirtschaftssystem des vollkommenen Marktes auf, jedoch ist städtische Ausbreitung in vielen Städte von China seit 1980 aufgetaucht. Dieses ist eine übergangsphase von Wirtschaft Chinas von einem geplanten Wirtschaftsystem zu einem Wirtschaftssystem des Marktes. Ist es möglich, die westliche Konzeptualisierung der städtischen Ausbreitung zu bringen? In welchem Ausmass diese Resultate nach China anwendbar sein können? Folglich ist es dringend, Wege zu finden, auf städtischer Ausbreitung in den chinesischen Städte zu erforschen. Schlüsselfragen sollten beantwortet werden: Was ist die genaue Definition der städtischen Ausbreitung? Wie man die grundlegenden Eigenschaften der städtischen Ausbreitung ausdrücklich ausdrückt? Was sind die internen Einheiten der städtischen Ausbreitung? Was sind Antriebskräfte und Auswirkungen von Ausbreitung? Die Zielsetzung dieser Abhandlung ist, einen kompletten Rahmen für Bereiche in China zu strukturieren, die ähnlichen Entwicklung Hintergrund mit Jiangning haben, zur Verfügung stellen einige Ideen der Studie der städtischen Ausbreitung für Bereiche in einigen Entwicklungsländern, die auch ähnlichen Entwicklung Hintergrund mit Jiangning und Hinweis für vergleichbare Untersuchung über das Problem städtischer Ausbreitung zwischen Bereichen in den westlichen Ländern und China haben. Die Resultate der Abhandlung beabsichtigen, einige Alarme zum Entscheidungstreffer zu geben, um die gute Planung für zukünftige Entwicklung von Jiangning zu bilden.