Suchergebnisse

In this paper, we will talk about the origin and characteristics of the Pedagogical Missions during the Second Spanish Republic which was founded to help rural teachers with their training and to take progress to the remote areas of the Spanish country. We will appreciate how intellectuals and teachers voluntarily participated in these Missions with a philanthropic and political aim. Then, following Morales Gutierrez's principles on social innovation, we will state that the Pedagogical Missions were an educational and social innovation in Spain before the Civil War (1936–1939). Finally, we will make a comparison between the different social intervention models in history – Charity, Beneficence, Social Justice, and Social Inclusion – and the Pedagogical Missions social intervention model which shared similar characteristics with all of them. ; social intervention models

This paper was written with the support of junior specific research project No. SV FAST-J-15-2760, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic project No. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0214, Asturian Regional Government project No. SV-PA-11-012 and Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain project No. BIA2013-48352-P.

Several authors of this paper are members of the Biomateriales GBM (DGA-T48_17R) and of the i+aitiip (DGA-T08_17R) research groups recognized by the FEDER 2014–2020 "Construyendo Europa desde Aragón" program, of the Regional Government of Aragon.

The modified compact tension (MCT) test, though not yet recognized as a valid test for determining fracture energy of concrete, is believed to represent a plausible and suitable alternative versus other well established procedures, such as the wedge-splitting test (WST) and the three point (3PB) or four point bending (4PB) tests, due to its simplicity and low cost. The aim of the paper is twofold: Firstly, to demonstrate the necessary correspondence between the experimental MCT test setup and finite element simulations and secondly, to initiate the way of establishing the desirable conversion between the fracture energy parameter values resulting from the MCT test and the standard conventional procedures. MCT tests are carried out and compared with the numerical results from 2-D and 3-D finite element calculations using the commercial codes ABAQUS and ATENA, the latter being specifically developed for applications on concrete structures and elements. In this way, the usability of the modified compact tension test for practical purposes is confirmed ; The investigation reported in this paper was supported by grants M100411204, CZ. 107/2.3.00/20.0214 and FASTS-14-2532 and projects BIA2010-19920 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MICINN and SV-PA-11-012 of the Dept. of Education and Sciences of the Asturias Regional Government.

Maintenance of ancient road and railway metallic bridges has become a major concern for governmental agencies in the past few decades. Indeed, since the construction of these structures, between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, traffic conditions have evolved, both in weight and frequency. In the purpose to assess the remaining life of old metallic bridges, some critical structural details have been identified and associated to S-N curves in order to be used in damage estimation (using Palmgren-Miner's rule for cumulative damage, for example). These constructional details are described by design rules of several European and North American standards, such as the Eurocode 3, BS 5400 and AASHTO standards. The particularity of ancient bridges is that hot riveted assemblies, commonly used for their construction, are not represented in most construction standards. Further experiences on the matter by numerous research teams have suggested detail category C71 from the Eurocode 3 as appropriate. In this paper, experimental data from double shear assemblies manufactures from three different metallic ancient bridges is used to identify, through a statistical analysis, the S-N curves that best fit this constructional detail. Portuguese and French puddled iron bridges were considered. ; The authors of this paper thank the National Society of French Railways and the SciTech - Science and Technology for Competitive and Sustainable Industries, R&D project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000022 cofinanced by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte ("NORTE2020"), through Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) for their collaboration and support during this research works. The authors also acknowledge the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) for the financial support through the post-doctoral grant ...

Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016 (15. 2016. Paco de Arcos, Portugal) ; Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) by the financial support through the postdoctoral grant SFRH/BPD/107825/2015 and the Dept. of Education and Sciences of the Asturian Regional Government by the financial support of the Research Project SV-PA-11-012.