Suchergebnisse

Introduction: defining frameworks -- Towards an archaeology of identities -- Sociopolitical organisation and ethnic identities in pre-Roman Gaul: levels and networks -- Constructing communities: the middle Rhine-Moselle region in the late Hallstatt and early La Tène periods -- From centralisation to decentralisation -- The role of central places in the construction of collective identities -- Negotiating power: aristocratic burials and local communities in the late La Tène period -- Recognising diversity: identity, landscape and social complexity between Rhine and Meuse -- The impact of 'Romanisation' on identity transformation

El desarrollo de los oppida, grandes aglomeraciones de finales de la Edad del Hierro, constituye uno de los fenómenos más destacados y también estudiados de la Protohistoria europea. No obstante, las investigaciones de las últimas décadas permiten ofrecer actualmente una visión renovada sobre su génesis, características y funciones. Junto a los aspectos puramente económicos, estudios recientes ponen el acento en el importante papel político y religioso desempeñado por dichos centros. Asimismo, el descubrimiento de un creciente número de grandes aglomeraciones abiertas muestra que la estructura del poblamiento fue mucho más compleja de lo tradicionalmente pensado. En el marco del presente artículo trataré de desmontar algunos mitos en principio firmemente establecidos, proponer numerosos matices y aportar una visión al menos parcialmente alternativa sobre los oppida de la Europa Templada. ; The development of the oppida, large Late Iron Age agglomerations, is one of the most notable phenomena of European Protohistory, and also one of the most studied. However, the research of recent decades currently offers us a new insight into their origin, characteristics and functions. In addition to purely economic aspects, recent studies emphasize the important political and religious role played by these centres. Similarly, the discovery of a growing number of large open agglomerations shows that settlement structure was much more complex than traditionally thought. In this article I shall try to deconstruct some quite firmly entrenched myths, propose numerous qualifications and offer an at least partially alternative view on the oppida of Temperate Europe.

El estudio del mundo galo ha experimentado importantes avances durante los últimos años, gracias tanto a nuevas miradas sobre los textos clásicos como al desarrollo de las investigaciones arqueológicas y a la realización de aproximaciones interdisciplinares. Partiendo de una exposición de los principales niveles de organización sociopolítica presentes en la Galia de finales de la Edad del Hierro, en este artículo se ofrece una breve introducción a las instituciones políticas más destacadas a escala de las "civitates": asambleas populares, senados aristocráticos y monarquías. ; Important progress has been made in the study of the Gallic world in recent years thanks to new perspectives on classical texts, advances in archaeological research and the use of interdisciplinary approaches. After providing an exposition of the main levels of socio-political organisation present in Gaul at the end of the Iron Age, this article offers a brief introduction to the most prominent political institutions of the "civitates": popular assemblies, aristocratic senates and the monarchy.

In the past two decades, conflict archaeology has become firmly established as a relatively new and promising field of research, as reflected in publications, symposia, conference sessions and fieldwork projects. It has its origins in the study of battlefields and other conflict-related phenomena in the modern Era, but numerous studies show that this theme, and at least some of its methods, techniques and theories, are also relevant for older historical and even prehistoric periods. This book presents a series of case-studies on conflict archaeology in ancient Europe, based on the results of both recent fieldwork and a reassessment of older excavations. The chronological framework spans from the Neolithic to Late Antiquity, and the geographical scope from Iberia to Scandinavia. Along key battlefields such as the Tollense Valley, Baecula, Alesia, Kalkriese and Harzhorn, the volume also incorporates many other sources of evidence that can be directly related with past conflict scenarios, including defensive works, military camps, battle-related ritual deposits, and symbolic representations of violence in iconography and grave goods. The aim is to explore the material evidence for the study of warfare, and to provide new theoretical and methodological insights into the archaeology of mass violence in ancient Europe and beyond

"Our current world is characterized by life in cities, the existence of social inequalities, and increasing individualization. When and how did these phenomena arise? What was the social and economic background for the development of hierarchies and the first cities? The authors of this volume analyze the processes of centralization, cultural interaction, and social differentiation that led to the development of the first urban centres and early state formations of ancient Eurasia, from the Atlantic coasts to China. The chronological framework spans a period from the Neolithic to the Late Iron Age, with a special focus on the early first millennium BC. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach structured around the concepts of identity and materiality, this book addresses the appearance of a range of key phenomena that continue to shape our world"--Provided by publisher

Boundaries are a complex topic, with different categories being distinguishable depending on the language and with a number of terms often used interchangeably. This discussion paper offers an overview on definitions and introduces different types of boundaries such as geographic, political and social. Drawing on disciplines as varied as border studies, international relations, post-/decolonial thought, and on examples from anthropological fieldwork, insights can be derived for archaeological approaches. In this context, the role of boundaries in the dynamic construction of ethnic identities is highlighted. A discussion of ancient Egyptian terms and concepts of political boundaries underlines the comparative potential of studies in premodern political thought and lived experience.

Historical ecologies, heterarchies and transtemporal landscapes : introductory perspectives / Celeste Ray and Manuel Fernández-Götz -- Dialectic in historical ecology / William H. Marquardt -- Historical ecology and longitudinal research strategies around Lake Mývatn, Iceland / Thomas H. McGovern, George Hambrecht, Megan Hicks -- Gender, feminism, and heterarchy / Janet Levy -- "Can you hear me now?" : heterarchy as an instrument and outcome of collective action in Iron Age and medieval Europe / T.L. Thurston -- Reconstructing African landscape historical ecologies : an integrative approach for managing biocultural heritage / Anneli Ekblom, Paul Lane, and Paul Sinclair -- Resilience of agrarian land use practices in Burgundy, France : evolving approaches to historical ecology / Seth Murray, Elizabeth Anne Jones and Scott Madry -- Resilience, heterarchy, and the Native American cultural landscapes of the Yazoo Basin and the Mississippi River Delta / Christopher B. Rodning and Jayur M. Mehta -- Mapping British and Irish hillforts / Gary Lock and Ian Ralston -- Humanizing the western Cantabrian mountains in northwestern Iberia : a diachronic perspective on the exploitation of the uplands during late prehistory / David González Álvarez -- The end of Iron Age societies in northwestern iberia : equality, heterarchy and hierarchy in contexts of interaction / Inés Sastre and Brais Currás -- Iron Age societies at work : towns, kinship and territory in historical analogies / Manuel Fernández-Götz and Raquel Liceras-Garrido -- Empires of stone, politics of shadow : the historical ecology and political economy of mortuary monuments in Mongolia (1500 BC- 1400 AD) / Erik G. Johannesson -- A landscape of ancestors : looking back and thinking forward / Matthew Murray and Bettina Arnold -- Civic-ceremonial transition at Lambityeco, Oaxaca, Mexico / Gary M. Feinman and Linda M. Nicholas -- Sacred wells across the longue durée / Celeste Ray -- Afterword : integrating time and space in dynamic systems / Carole L. Crumley.

"Exploring the origins of urbanism--the emergence and development of the first cities, has long constituted one of the main challenges of archaeological and ancient historical research. Studying cities in a long-term and cross-cultural perspective links the past with the present, allowing a better understanding of one of the most important developments in human history. The 21 papers in this volume aim to bring together the latest continental and English-speaking research with contributions by well-established researchers and younger colleagues providing innovative perspectives. Contributions cover an area stretching from central Spain to Moravia and from southern France to Britain. The aim has been to produce a work of reference for readers interested in Iron Age archaeology in particular, and in urbanisation processes in general"--Provided by publisher

El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar el problema del nombre que podía haber recibido el oppidum de Monte Bernorio (Palencia). La cuestión de las denominaciones de los oppida y de los grupos étnicos que habitaban los distintos territorios se pone en relación con casos similares del norte de la Península Ibérica y del occidente de Europa. Finalmente, en relación con la cuestión de los nombres de los oppida se aborda también la problemática de los etnónimos de los pueblos célticos en relación con su organización social y estructuras políticas ; This paper discusses the problem of identifying the name by which the oppidum of Monte Bernorio (Palencia) was known. The denomination of the oppida and of the communities that inhabited them is compared with similar cases from Iberia and Western Europe. Finally, we analyse the question of the ethnic names of the so-called Celtic populations in relation to their social organisation and political structure

The archaeology of the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) has experienced an important development over the last two decades. Several field projects have studied aspects such as mass graves, forced labor camps, and battlefields. In this paper, we present a case study from the so-called "Northern Front" (Frente Norte). The impressive mountain of Monte Bernorio, situated at the foothills of the Cantabrian Mountains, controls one of the main communication routes between the central Spanish plateau (Meseta) and the Cantabrian Sea. Due to this strategic position, the site has played an important military role during two episodes of war separated by nearly 2,000 years: the Roman conquest of northern Iberia under Emperor Augustus in the 20s BCE, and the Spanish Civil War in the years 1936-37. The ongoing archaeological excavations and surveys are uncovering abundant remains of trenches, battering positions, barracks, and munitions belonging to the Civil War period, when Bernorio was a highly disputed position in the confrontation between "Republicans" and "Nationalists." Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, this paper combines archaeological evidence, oral history, and written documents that shed light on one of the main episodes of Franco's conquest of northern Spain.