Suchergebnisse

Há pessoas que, sem o saberem, mudam as nossas vidas. O Prof. António Simões Lopes contribuiu para alterar a vida de muitas pessoas. Foi o que sucedeu comigo. Nos anos 70, a licenciatura em Geografia da Universidade de Lisboa caracterizava-se por um currículo bastante eclético. Os dois primeiros anos, lecionados na Faculdade de Ciências, garantiam uma formação de base naturalista, incluindo disciplinas como botânica, geologia e zoologia, entre outras. Sobre esta base naturalista tínhamos, na Faculdade de Letras, três anos de formação humanista. Aqui predominavam, naturalmente, as matérias de geografia, mas com incursões importantes noutros domínios, como a história e a etnografia.

The current influence of scientific rationalism on the disciplines of morpho-functional tradition and postmodernism in the social sciences precludes a comprehensive view of the complexity of contemporary cities. As an alternative, we suggest the adoption of a cultural city view based on the following tetralogy: cognitive approach (background reference), urbanism of everyday life (analytical focus), creative city (idea mobilizing for change) and deliberative democracy (collective source of decision and action). This cultural view of the city underlines the impact of cognitive and behavioural factors and the importance of various cultural resources (physical and intangible) in the expansion of cities and in the evolution of urban development processes. ; A actual influência do racionalismo científico nas disciplinas de tradição morfo-funcional e do pós-modernismo nas ciências sociais impede uma visão abrangente da complexidade das cidades contemporâneas. Sugere-se, como alternativa, a adopção de uma visão cultural de cidade baseada na seguinte tetralogia: abordagem cognitiva (referencial de fundo), urbanismo do quotidiano (foco analítico), cidade cria ti v a (ideia mobilizadora da mudança) e democracia deliberativa (fonte colectiva de decisão e acção). Esta visão cultural de cidade sublinha o impacte dos factores cognitivos e comportamentais e a importância dos vários recursos culturais (físicos e imateriais) na expansão das cidades e na evolução dos processos de desenvolvimento urbano.

This work turns the social resilience concept into a practical and tangible set of dimensions and indicators for social resilience assessment. It further provides an analysis of the social resilience concept in the context of flood risk governance. Floods are a worldwide recurring phenomenon that causes severe social, economic and environmental losses. In the context of global change, it is very difficult to accurately predict extreme events that may increase disaster frequency; hence the implementation of social resilience is essential to lessen the losses. Indeed, the right balance between natural and social factors and indicators is yet to be found. Social resilience has been debated extensively for decades, both in scientific and political contexts. It has been a concern in disaster risk reduction and risk governance fields, both of which have strived to implement it. The enlarged conceptual discussion regarding this topic has resulted in some indicator-based assessments that hardly reflect the conceptual discussion developed so far. These indicator-based approaches still lack accurate inclusion of social dynamics and the capacity to learn from experience. In order to contribute to a comprehensive approach (concept and methods) for assessing social resilience to floods, the evolutionary resilience concept (Davoudi, Simin; Shaw, Keith; Haider, L. Jamila; Quilnlan, Allyson E; Petterson, Garry D.; Wilkinson, Cathy; Fünfgeld, Hartmut; McEvoy, Darryn; Porter, 2012) was considered as a reference in this work, as it can include dimensions that are difficult to evaluate (non-static time and learning-capacity in multi-dimensional systems). This work addresses the challenge of a conceptual overview of social resilience to include key factors and indicators. Our methodology uses text mining, experts' surveys and bibliography reviews to generate an indicators database. The contribution of this article to the scientific debate on social resilience assessment is twofold. First, the key-concepts, words and expressions in ...

Baixa Pombalina is the historical downtown area of Lisbon city, close to the Tagus estuary, sheltering many economic activities with tourism at first. This paper assesses and maps the vulnerability of the area, at the neighbourhood scale, to floods episodes and sea level rise. The methodology outlines how the different components of vulnerability are tackled, while taking the importance of the local context to the definition of composite indexes. Twenty two vulnerability hotspots were found, for which six adaptation options are proposed to be embedded into Plano de Pormenor currently in place.

Doling (2006, A European Housing Policy? European Journal of Housing Policy, 6(3), 335–349. doi:10.1080/14616710600973169) characterized the intervention of the EU in the field of housing as a 'stealth policy', arguing that while the EU has no formal competence in this policy area, it has de facto conditioned national housing policies. This suggests that housing policy is a particularly interesting case for the study of formal and informal modes of multilevel governance. However, European comparative studies about housing policy have almost exclusively focused either on the national or local characteristics of housing systems. In this paper we explore the connections between the development of Portuguese housing policies in the last four decades, on the one side, and EU programmes and documents on the other. We will show how the dynamics of Portuguese housing policy reflected the fluctuations of EU agenda. In doing so, we aim at (i) exploring the history of EU 'stealth housing policy' in a moment of re-emergence of housing as a defining theme of EU agenda; and (ii) providing a more accurate characterization of domestic recent general trends and processes through a multi-scalar gaze. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

As the 21st century settles in, an array of tightly intertwined migratory, social, economic, financial, political, and ecological unrest has brought to the fore the restrictive adaptability of contemporary political arenas, institutions, development models, and policy instruments, inviting us to interpret and to address the causes underlying these upheavals (Ferrão 2016; Kolb 2010; Castles 2004; Smith and Wiest 2012) and attempt to mitigate their negative impacts (Akyüz 2014). Beyond that looms an unpredictable regime of climate change that may permanently undermine the Planet's habitability (O'Brien 2014). We appear to have reached what is today conceptually identified as the Anthropocene (Crutzen 2002; Barry and Maslin 2016; Steffen et al. 2011), interpreted as Earth's newest epoch in which humankind has turned into a collective geochemical force profoundly altering the planet's natural cycles (Biermann et al. 2015). Rickards (2015) and Ferrão (2017) argue that the Anthropocene provides an opportunity, however, not only to produce new thinking, but also to bring about new actions in the field of sustainability. In line with the latter, a rising call for structural change that catalyzes societal transformations toward sustainability has appeared concurrently with – or seemingly as a result of – the predominant neo-liberal capitalist, productivityand growth-led hegemonic worldview (McMichael 2010). Among the reasons underlying this call are that continued and distributed economic growth can no longer be taken for granted (Krugman 2014), that growth endangers socio-ecological sustainability, and that there exists increasing awareness and wariness of its limits (Rydin 2013; Eastin et al. 2011). Alarmingly, the mainstream understanding of sustainability underpinning contemporary development politics and policies is still to openly embrace and exploit the discussion and experimentation of non-growth-dependent development solutions (Bina 2013; Martinez Alier 2009). ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Over the last decade, soft planning has become an increasingly visible concept in planning literature. Since the term soft spaces was firstly coined, soft planning has been used to describe a growing number of practices that occur at the margins of statutory planning systems. However, as soft planning-related literature proliferates, so does the diversity of approaches and planning practices it encompasses. Such diversity fuels long-standing questions about what can or cannot be considered as soft planning as well as about its usefulness for today's planning theory and practice. To shed light on this still unclear conceptual outline, this article divides the soft planning debate into five contextual components (ethos; governance; politics; policies; spaces; and scale) while paying particular attention to the relationship between soft planning and strategic spatial planning. The aim is to foreground soft planning as a concept, and add clarity and awareness on the challenges, the risks and opportunities, planning currently faces.

Over the last decade, soft planning has become an increasingly visible concept in planning literature. Since the term soft spaces was firstly coined, soft planning has been used to describe a growing number of practices that occur at the margins of statutory planning systems. However, as soft planning-related literature proliferates, so does the diversity of approaches and planning practices it encompasses. Such diversity fuels long-standing questions about what can or cannot be considered as soft planning as well as about its usefulness for today's planning theory and practice. To shed light on this still unclear conceptual outline, this article divides the soft planning debate into five contextual components (ethos; governance; politics; policies; spaces; and scale) while paying particular attention to the relationship between soft planning and strategic spatial planning. The aim is to foreground soft planning as a concept, and add clarity and awareness on the challenges, the risks and opportunities, planning currently faces. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

A pandemia originou um conjunto de impactos de diferentes magnitudes no território. Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem exploratória para compreender como a existência de determinadas vulnerabilidades no momento pré-crise conduziu a diferentes impactos nos territórios em Portugal. Partindo da escala municipal, a análise define uma tipologia de territórios vulneráveis em função dos graus de exposição e suscetibilidade que apresentam, e compara os distintos grupos de municípios dessa tipologia com os impactos territoriais da crise pandémica em termos das dinâmicas de desemprego. Os resultados atestam a existência de vulnerabilidades acrescidas em territórios muito dependentes do turismo e dos que integram áreas metropolitanas, cujas estruturas socioeconómicas redundaram em situações de maior crescimento do desemprego em 2020. O artigo tem implicações para a reflexão sobre vulnerabilidade territorial, resiliência e políticas públicas para transformar a economia portuguesa no período pós-pandemia.

Recent extreme weather events have brought devastating impacts on people's lives and infrastructure in many parts of the world. The scale of the impact of Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines revealed a high degree of vulnerability and exposure of coastal communities to extreme events in a region that is regularly hit by tropical cyclones. This paper is based on initial assessment of the immediate impacts of Typhoon Haiyan. It was conducted in the cities of Tacloban and Ormoc and in the municipality of Palo, which were heavily affected by the impacts of Haiyan. Vulnerability to typhoon-related hazards and impacts of climate change is considered to be one of the major issues affecting land use in these areas. This paper analyzed existing legal framework and how climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) can be incorporated in policies and plans such as the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP). It also examined the roles and responsibilities of both central and local governments in the Philippines in terms of land use planning and disaster mitigation strategies and their implications towards the future development of climate resilient communities, particularly in the context of a contentious resettlement process as a result of the application of a hazard-based zoning process. The vulnerability of the Philippines to climate change and natural disasters calls for risk reduction measures that decrease the exposure through land use planning, hazard-based zoning, climate resilient building codes and retrofitting as well as innovative financial incentives. These CCA and DRR measures should be mainstreamed into the local government plans through the CLUP and followed by an effective implementation. However, a key challenge to local decision-makers in these Typhoon Haiyan-affected areas is how to incorporate a range of possible vulnerabilities driven by changing landscape, infrastructure, and socioeconomic conditions in land use planning.

[ES]Las prácticas económicas alternativas son modalidades de coordinación económica que se rigen de forma autónoma mediante mecanismos de democracia directa, que promueven valores comunitarios, cooperativos y sostenibles, y que pretenden sustituir, transformar o superar el capitalismo. Pueden actuar en redes de alcance global o centrarse en iniciativas de escala local, formando comunidades basadas en la confianza interpersonal y el encuentro habitual en sedes ubicadas en locales, solares o plazas. Esta obra estudia las prácticas de ámbito local que operan en distintas ciudades españolas. Se han analizado 67 experiencias, que comprenden bancos de tiempo, huertos comunitarios, grupos de consumo agroecológico, mercados de productores y de trueque, monedas sociales y centros sociales autogestionados. Estas iniciativas están impulsadas por personas con una fuerte conciencia crítica que aspiran a construir una sociedad más justa y más sostenible a través de su compromiso con las comunidades que se constituyen en torno a esta clase de propuestas económicas. Sin embargo, la escasez de medios materiales y la dependencia del trabajo voluntario de sus integrantes son factores que afectan a la capacidad de estas prácticas para transformar el modelo económico imperante e impulsar la transición hacia una economía, una sociedad y una política diferentes. ; Esta publicación se encuadra en el proyecto de investigación «Espacios y prácticas económicas alternativas para la construcción de la resiliencia en las ciudades españolas-PRESECAL» (enero de 2016 - junio de 2019). Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad – financiado por el Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad y por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), referencia CSO2015-65452-R (MINECO/FEDER). Entidades participantes: Instituto de Ciencias Sociales (Universidad de Lisboa), Instituto de Economía, Geografía y Demografía (CSIC, Madrid), Universidad de Alicante, Universidad de Heidelberg, Universidad de León, Universidad Pablo de Olavide (Sevilla), Universidad de Salamanca (coordinadora), Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad de Valladolid y Universidad de Zaragoza. ; Este proyecto de investigación participa en la Red Temática de Excelencia «Retos para las ciudades del siglo XXI: una agenda de investigación para la construcción de espacios urbanos sostenibles e innovadores», financiada por el Plan Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia 2013-2016 con la referencia CSO2016-81718-REDT, y coordinada desde la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.