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Questo articolo propone una ricerca su Giancarlo Pozzi, architetto e designer milanese, e il sodalizio con Achille Castiglioni e il traumatologo Ernesto Zerbi per il design del letto d'ospedale TR15. L'esperienza progettuale di questo prodotto d'uso collettivo è inserita nel contesto della stagione sociale del design italiano dei primi anni settanta, caratterizzata da un vivace dibattito sul ruolo del design e sulla responsabilità sociale dell'industrial designer. Grazie all'analisi di fonti primarie fornite dalla famiglia Pozzi e dalla Fondazione Achille Castiglioni, incrociata a fonti secondarie, la ricerca ricostruisce il percorso progettuale del letto TR15, durato circa 10 anni, attraverso le fasi di programmazione, ideazione, sperimentazione e produzione, e infine il conseguimento del premio Compasso d'Oro nel 1979. Dalla ricostruzione del sodalizio, emerge uno dei pochi casi della storia del design italiano riferito alla ricerca di un modello sociale del design capace di dare un senso al progetto industriale finalizzandolo ai bisogni reali dell'utenza seppur all'interno di un'economia di mercato. Il progetto condensa il valore politico del design italiano degli anni settanta, e fa emergere alcuni degli elementi chiave del dibattito sulla professione, nel tentativo di far convergere gli interessi dell'industria con gli interessi della collettività: un nuovo modo di intendere utenza e committenza, la progettazione integrata come processo sociale, e l'interdisciplinarietà necessaria ad affrontare la complessità del design. ; This article presents a research on Giancarlo Pozzi, Milanese architect, and designer, and the partnership with Achille Castiglioni and the traumatologist Ernesto Zerbi to the TR15 hospital bed design. This design experience of a collective use product is contextualized in the Italian design social season of the early 70s, which was characterized by a lively debate on the role of design and the industrial designer social responsibility. Thanks to the analysis of primary sources that have been provided by the Pozzi family and the Achille Castiglioni Foundation, and then crossed with secondary sources, the about 10 years TR15 bed design path has been reconstructed through the programming, conception, experimentation, and production phases, until finally the achievement of the Compasso d'Oro prize, in 1979. From the reconstruction of the partnership, one of the few cases in the history of Italian design emerges. This is related to the search for a social model of design capable of making sense of the industrial design by targeting it to the real needs of the users albeit within a market economy system. The project condenses the political value of Italian design of the 70s, and brings out some of the key elements of the debate on the design profession, in an attempt to converge the interests of the industry with the interests of the community: a new way of understanding users and clients, integrated planning as a social process, and the interdisciplinarity necessary to face the complexity of the design.

L'articolo introduce il tema del design strategico per l'area Mediterranea e ne motiva le ragioni profonde, che sono innanzi tutto politiche per coloro che operano in questa parte del mondo. Richiama l'attivismo sociale e la necessità di contrastare il progressivo declino della cultura occidentale e la crisi della democrazia liberale, nel quadro di una continua "metamorfosi del mondo" che destabilizza le certezze della società moderna. In tale situazione il ruolo del design e di progettare soluzioni per un futuro migliore, contenendo le distopie che allontanano da una corretta conoscenza della condizione attuale. Tra i temi richiamati dall'articolo si sono: l'attacco allo storicismo mediterraneo, già considerato pericoloso dal grande studioso del Mediterraneo Predrag Matvejevic, a favore di una nuova prospettiva impostata sull'attualità, di realismo costruttivo in grado di affrontare la complessità della realtà attuale; l'appello ai giovani ricercatori ad avanzare la cultura del design, soprattutto in termini di conoscenza scientifica e di esplorazione di approcci multidisciplinari per riuscire ad affrontare adeguatamente il problemi del degrado ambientale, e di abilità digitali per rivitalizzare le tanta culture mediterranee proiettandole nel futuro.

The economies of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have consistently been characterized by economic volatility and social disparities. The recent 'Arab Spring' wave of protests have increased political uncertainty and instability in the region, and this timely book provides an in-depth analysis of the subsequent changes from economic, political and environmental perspectives. The international contributors provide a comprehensive overview of the situation in the Mediterranean Basin, encompassing contributing factors such as climate change and energy sourcing, productivity, changin

There is a vast body of research exploring the roles women can contribute to design creation and crafting. In the past, historical studies have paid attention to the role of women in the applied and decorative arts, more than the role of women in design and technologies, giving men a more significant role in the manufacturing technological dimension. In recent years, the consumers, as well as the designers' interest in handcrafting has grown in popularity in Europe, the USA, and finally also in Asia, for many different reasons worldwide showing a rich phenomenology. Craft exhibitions, fairs, shows, and web platforms (like Etsy.com) have been making echoes to the century Arts and Crafts movement. This new craft movement, characterized by a growing community of young women, has also been seen as a political phenomenon with some aspects related to a third wave feminist do-it-yourself. Beyond the political aspects, women crafting has been acquired more and more considerable cultural, social, and commercial values. In this article, we present a systematic analysis of the rich phenomenology of contemporary women crafting with the support of available evidence-based literature concerning the role of women in today's and future design and production. We organize our findings into clusters describing the key roles that women play in design creation and crafting. We also put a light on the future design connecting women thinking and craft sensibility to new technologies (like 3D or 4D printing ).

PAD dedicated the year 2020 entirely to women, their creativity and design action. The focus of issue 18, entitledThe Women's Making, was on the maker culture and its meanings. In this issue 19 of PAD attention shifts to the field of Communication Design. The intention is to continue investigating the design contributions and views, expressions and cultural and political positions of women. We believe that the present issue can contribute to the international debate and widen its boundaries. The title of this second consecutive issue dedicated to women's design intentionally quotes the text edited by M. Antonietta Trasforini, Arte a parte (2000). A collection of contributions that in its title wanted to highlight the marginality and omissions made against women artists in art history. This metaphor of the marginal place ("apart") emphasises the "centre" partiality, that is to say of those who wrote history until now. This centrality of historical studies and its importance emerges in this issue of PAD, in which half of the essays have a historical approach.

The new economic governance has pursued a radical decentralisation of collective bargaining. The European system of economic policies represents a new model that can be described as new European interventionism and marks a paradigm change in the EU's approach to collective bargaining to direct political intervention in national bargaining outcomes and procedures. The European economic governance pressure was very clearly on Italy, where the industrial relations system is strongly under pressure, since the "secret" letter sent from the ECB to Italy on August 5th, 2011, which immediately influenced both Italian legislator and social parties. This paper focuses on the trends of the Italian firm-level bargaining system from the perspective of the subjects who negotiate and the agreements' effectiveness. In relation to the subjects, in Italy this pressure resulted in the adoption of the majority principle. From another point of view, in Italy, until the end of last century, the national-level collective agreement seemed to be 'inviolable', inserted as it was in a context of absolute centrality. If this was the traditional approach, in recent years the Italian system has experienced a shift away from the model, where the legal support has been combined with a 'deconstruction' of collective regulation. Here we will briefly consider these more recent dynamics, in particular by the intervention made by the Italian legislator with the so-called economic manoeuvre of August 2011 (Legislative Decree No. 138/2011, converted by Law No. 148/2011), which, in a framework of progressive fragmentation of labour relations, changed traditional attitudes. ; The new economic governance has pursued a radical decentralisation of collective bargaining. The European system of economic policies represents a new model that can be described as new European interventionism and marks a paradigm change in the EU's approach to collective bargaining to direct political intervention in national bargaining outcomes and procedures. The European ...

Italy was the first western hotspot of the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to contain the spread of the virus, the Italian Government imposed home confinement to the entire population for almost two months. The present study is the first large-scale longitudinal report of the sleep and mental health changes during the prolonged lockdown due to the COVID-19 outbreak. We focused on the gendered vulnerability in a sample of the Italian population since cross-sectional research identified women to be more at-risk than men during this unprecedented situation. A total of 2701 individuals (mean age ± standard deviation, 32.37 ± 11.62; range, 18–82) participated in a web-based longitudinal survey consisting of two measurements. Participants were first-time recruited on social networks and via telephone messages through a snowball sampling and tested during the third week of the lockdown period. Subsequently, a follow-up evaluation was carried out during the seventh week of restraining measures. The survey assessed sleep quality, insomnia and depression symptoms, perceived stress, and anxiety, using the following questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Beck Depression Inventory-second edition, the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale, and the State-Anxiety Inventory. Female gender showed the worst condition for all the examined dimensions in both the assessments. Nevertheless, at the follow-up women reported a reduction in insomnia and depression severity symptoms, perceived stress, and anxiety. On the other hand, male participants showed a worsening of sleep quality, insomnia symptoms, and perceived stress. Consequently, the gender prevalence gap of clinical conditions such as insomnia and depression was largely reduced under lockdown. Our investigation pointed to a different time course of sleep and mental health between genders during the home confinement period. Women seemed to show greater long-term resilience during the lockdown. Meanwhile, the male gender emerges as the most vulnerable category to the extension of the restraining measures. Our results suggest that there is no "weaker gender" after a prolonged lockdown. Indeed, the Italian population transversely presented signs of psychological suffering and significant sleep disturbances after the protracted and stressful lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic.