Suchergebnisse

En este trabajo se propone analizar y problematizar las opiniones acerca de la distinción sustancial entre delitos y contravenciones y enriquecer esa perspectiva desde la distribución de competencias establecidas en la constitución nacional derivadas de la forma de estado federal adoptada por la República Argentina. Se postula, en este sentido, la necesidad de someter a escrutinio desde este punto de vista constitucional a las normas que establecen conductas punibles para determinar si resultan o no el ejercicio de facultades legislativas acordes a esa distribución de competencias. ; Especialización en Derecho Penal ; Instituto de Derecho Penal

En este trabajo se propone analizar y problematizar las opiniones acerca de la distinción sustancial entre delitos y contravenciones y enriquecer esa perspectiva desde la distribución de competencias establecidas en la constitución nacional derivadas de la forma de estado federal adoptada por la República Argentina. Se postula, en este sentido, la necesidad de someter a escrutinio desde este punto de vista constitucional a las normas que establecen conductas punibles para determinar si resultan o no el ejercicio de facultades legislativas acordes a esa distribución de competencias.

This article traces how the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) was chronicled in Potuguese historiography. Considering that the Portuguese colony of Mozambique shared a border with the South African Republic (Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek – ZAR), and that Lourenço Marques was a strategic harbour during the war, Portugal was, unwillingly, involved in the conflict, directly and indirectly. King Carlos I and the Portuguese government were pro-British, but many Portuguese newspapers, intellectuals and ordinary citizens were pro-Boer. One could have expected that the war would feature fairly prominently in Portuguese historiography, but this is not the case. From 1899 to 1906, during and directly after the war, a few publications – most of which were pro-Boer – were published. However, three decades passed before studies about the war trickled through from 1936 to 1971 – probably as a result of the stormy political history being played out in Portugal during that period. Only since 1984 have sporadic scientific studies about the Anglo-Boer War been undertaken in Portuguese, but the centenary of the war (1999-2002) itself passed almost unnoticed in Portugal.

• Opsomming: In 1881 het die Volksraad van die Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek 'n Konsessie aan A.H. Nellmapius toegestaan om plaaslike produkte te verwerk. Dit was die eerste stap om die Republiek wat pas politieke onafhanklikheid verkry het, ook op die pad na ekonomiese onafhanklikheid te plaas. In die loop van 1882 het Nellmapius in vennootskap met Isaac en Barnett Lewis en Samuel Marks 'n fabriek oos van Pretoria by die huidige Eerste Fabrieke opgerig. Hierdie fabriek was reeds in Februarie 1883 gereed om sterk drank te lewer. S.J.P. Kruger wat in Mei 1883 tot president van die ZAR gekies is, het die amptelike ingebruikneming van die fabriek op 6 Junie 1883 waargeneem. Die bedrywighede van die onderneming wat later deur Nellmapius se vennote oorgeneem is, het in die daaropvolgende jare aansienlik uitgebrei. Wysigings aan die Drankwet ingevolge waarvan die verkoop van sterk drank aan Swartes aan die Rand in 1896 verbied is, het egter tot die agteruitgang van die onderneming bygedra en met die inname van Pretoria in 1900 deur die Britse magte is produksie finaal gestaak. ; • Summary: In 1881 the Volksraad of the Transvaal Republic granted A.H. Nellmapius a concession for the processing of local produce. This was the first step on the road to economic self-sufficiency of the Republic which had only recently regained its political independence. During 1882 Nellmapius in partnership with Isaac and Barnett Lewis and Samuel Marks established a factory east of Pretoria at the present Eerste Fabrieke. By February 1883 they were already producing spirituous liquor. The factory was officially opened on 6 June 1883 by S.J.P. Kruger who was elected president in May 1883. The undertaking, which in due course was taken over by Nellmapius' partners, expanded considerably in the following years. However, a severe setback was experienced when in 1896 the Liquor Law was amended and the sale of alcohol to Blacks on the Rand was strictly forbidden. This led to a steady decline in business and with the occupation of Pretoria by the British forces in 1900 production was finally stopped.

PurposeInternational entrepreneurship (IE) has received a considerable amount of attention in the recent decades as a result of globalization enabling access to new international markets and business opportunities. Despite the growing increase in academic publications, IE still faces certain inconsistencies, with doubts remaining as regards its boundaries and the thematic groups making up the field. The purpose of this article is to systematically analyse the IE, mapping the intellectual territory and the evolution of the field.Design/methodology/approachIndexed to Web of Science( WoS) database until 2021, from 52 journals, 130 articles were selected, applying content analyses techniques to identify the main research lines.FindingsThe results reveal that IE presents four conceptual themes/clusters: (1) international business networks and opportunities; (2) institutional environments; (3) the characteristics and motivations of entrepreneurs; and (4) internationalisation drivers and processes. Extant analysis show that IE has progressed immensely, concentrating a good diversity of subtopics and research trends. An integrative framework bringing together 27 years of publications and 67 future research lines, detailed by cluster, were also presented in this study to improve understanding and guide future studies.Originality/valueThis review makes a broad contribution to the IE literature, assisting in consolidating the academic field, expanding and complementing the results of previous theoretical–conceptual studies. We reflect and individually discuss the state of the art of the four streams that characterize IE to identify key themes, points of convergence and advance new subfields.

Abstract
Nowadays, countries across the world aspire to increase their innovation for the common good. In this scope, and among others, the Triple Helix thesis emphasizes the role of collaboration between stakeholders from academia, industry and government to bring about effective innovation. Despite efforts to encourage university-industry (U-I) collaboration, bridging U-I barriers remains among the relevant economic and policy challenges. Among other aspects, it has been argued that the tendency to transfer tools from developed to underdeveloped countries hinders the capacity to obtain the full potential of U-I collaboration. As no empirical study validating such hypothesis has been identified, our study tests i/ whether U-I collaboration has a different impact on growth depending on the level of economic development, ii/ whether the impacts of specific governmental measures on U-I collaboration differ at different levels of economic development. Our findings suggest that up till now the potential of U-I collaboration remains underutilized across all levels of development. Our results show that diversified policy measures are relevant at different development levels. Furthermore, their relevance may also evolve over time. However, such factors as quality of research institutions and private R&D investments are critical across development levels and time.

AbstractDespite the great complexity and the challenges inherent to technological advances that require digital transformation (DT), there is still limited academic guidance for developing and leveraging capabilities during such transformations. However, there is recognition that being or becoming an entrepreneurial higher education institution (HEI) may provide some of the answers to these newly emerging challenges. Based on the HEInnovate self‐assessment tool, developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/European Community (OECD/EC), HEIs can assess their entrepreneurial capacities, facilitating a reflection on strengths and weaknesses and raising awareness of institutional development needs. This study aims to enhance our comprehension of how the HEInnovate digital transformation and capability (DTC) dimension effectively reflects the vital characteristics of a university that promotes entrepreneurship and fosters optimal Triple Helix (TH) dynamics and impacts. Based on 15 interviews with TH institutional actors—university, industry, government, and other hybrid entities involved in their networks, we developed a qualitative inductive study that integrates the inputs of TH networks within the framework of developing a practical perspective on this theme. Our research identifies three key areas of focus that are all crucial for ensuring successful DT processes—(a) focus on overcoming the barriers; (b) focus on capitalizing on knowledge; (c) focus on coping with change—facets essential to understanding the role of DTC in securing the overall success of DT processes.

AbstractUnderstanding the context and the antecedents of the entrepreneurship of minorities have attracted the interest of researchers in recent years, even though few studies have focused on the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transvestite, Transsexual or Transgender (LGBT) minorities. In keeping with this shortcoming, the objectives of this study involve identifying the context and the antecedents of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of LGBT minority entrepreneurs through a qualitative study deploying semi‐structured interviews with six Brazilian entrepreneurs belonging to this minority community. A qualitative methodology was carried out based on the content analysis of interviews and its relationship with the theoretical framework. Based on the framework of theories on marginalization and individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO), the results demonstrate that in most cases, this type of LGBT entrepreneur experiences discrimination in socio‐normative working environments, which may directly or indirectly shape their interests in entrepreneurship. The results also reflect how entrepreneurship becomes interconnected with a feeling of liberation felt by these individuals in openly declaring their sexuality and fostering the confidence capable of motivating them for entrepreneurship. This study furthermore identifies how the pursuit of success in this minority needs to apply a broader perspective than simply status or financial goals while also contributing with a proposed conceptual model and suggestions for future research studies.

Based on a systematic review of the literature, this article seeks to analyse the main questions, interpretations, and typologies for minority entrepreneurship over recent decades. To this end, we made recourse to the Scopus database for our article collection process that returned 220 articles for analysis. The results enable the identification of seven congruent research units (categories), with their own respective approaches and contributions: i) attitudes and motivations; ii) barriers and challenges; iii) interventionist policies and cultures; iv) comparisons between minorities and non-minorities; v) networks and resources; vi) impact on the local economy; vii) autonomous employment or entrepreneurship through need. This study further contributes by enabling future researchers to target their efforts on the still poorly explored shortcomings in the literature and providing a temporal overview of this theme.

First published online: 10 August 2019 ; The world has never been so active in approaching human needs and human rights. As the population has become older, new kind of pressures has been made over health and protective services, as well as on research targeted to older adults. This chapter presents the scientific and practical developments in the field of elder mistreatment in Portugal. An overview of the scientific trends in Portuguese research is presented. National research on elder mistreatment has been increasing slowly. The current national scenery is focused on prevalence data and identifying risk and vulnerabilities. This chapter will also discuss the support structures available for mistreated older adults in Portugal, namely the current legal framework and the institutions/entities that offer aid to the victims. Legally, elder mistreatment in Portugal is no different from domestic violence, though some legislative advances have been seen in abandonment. Some structures have been developed over the years to offer aid to older adults, from special programs in the police to private institutions, passing by government supported initiatives. ; This study was conducted at Psychology Research Centre (UID/PSI/01662/2013), University of Minho, and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education through national funds and co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653). The first author was funded by a scholarship from the Portuguese Foundations for Science and Technology - FCT - ...