Suchergebnisse

At a time of increasing government austerity, it is vital that managers and leaders within health and social care organisations have a critical understanding of good planning and budgeting skills. This handbook will guide managers through the complex area of the planning process and includes sections on organisational aspects of planning, completing evaluation forms and analysis and strategic goal-setting. The Author then looks at effective budgeting skills including year-end forecasting, profiling and efficiency

Within health and social care settings, high levels of sustained performance from individuals, teams, organisations and multi-agency collaborations are required. In order to achieve this, both management and leadership have to take a clear and defined role. This book looks at the 'how to' of performance coaching - from establishing objectives, determining frameworks, processes and systems, to monitoring and taking corrective action as necessary. Coaching in its various forms offers a means by which those involved in public service can be supported and challenged to perform

Globally, laws define both where protected areas are and their level of protection. Usually, the legal protection is not absolute and alternative land-uses can be implemented if perceived gains outweigh conservation losses. Technical reports, describing the importance of each protected area, are therefore crucial for decision-making, impact assessments, mitigation policies and management plans, and thus effective conservation. While much research has focused on protected areas themselves, including the biodiversity they contain and the impact of illegal activities, almost no research has evaluated the adequacy of the technical reports. Given high levels of data availability, the European Natura 2000 network (N2000) might be expected to represent best practice. Here we compare known bat presences with records from Standard Data Forms (SDFs) of Spanish N2000 Special Areas of Conservation (SAC); the Habitats Directive protects all European bat species. Across 1206 SACs, we found far fewer bat species listed in the SDFs than are known to occur in the SACs they represent, for both Annex II and particularly Annex IV bat species. These findings have serious conservation implications, including that decisions are systematically biased against conservation outcomes: if SDFs greatly underestimate the conservation value of their SACs, development of the land (or sea) is much more likely to be permitted. Incorporating known species presences into the SDFs of SACs is low in cost and straightforward, and can potentially achieve tremendous conservation benefits for minimal outlay; it should therefore be a top conservation priority globally, and conservation scientists should urgently engage with government agencies, accordingly.

Protected areas (PAs) constitute major tools in nature conservation. In the European Union (EU), the Birds and Habitats Directives are the most important policies for conservation strategy, legally preserving Europe's characteristic, rare, endemic and threatened biota. We used occurrence data for species listed in the directives' Annexes to assess the uniqueness of major PAs in the EU (National Parks, Biosphere Reserves); this is important for preserving the EU's focal species. We developed a novel, multifunctional approach to calculate different metrics of conservation value that represent different components of species diversity within the PAs, involving inventory diversity, deviation from the species–area relationship, species rarity and differentiation diversity. Applying it, we found that individual PAs frequently vary considerably in their scores on different components, which are often disconnected from PA size. PAs around the EU periphery, often containing few species, are key to conserving species that are rare in the EU. Because our analysis focuses on EU priority species and includes different components of diversity, it allows more appropriate estimation of conservation value inside PAs in context of the EU than recent, high-profile, global-level research. We offer tools to evaluate, and information to regulate, the representativeness, persistence and efficiency of PAs.

Protected areas (PAs) constitute major tools in nature conservation. In the European Union (EU), the Birds and Habitats Directives are the most important policies for conservation strategy, legally preserving Europe's characteristic, rare, endemic and threatened biota. We used occurrence data for species listed in the directives' Annexes to assess the uniqueness of major PAs in the EU (National Parks, Biosphere Reserves); this is important for preserving the EU's focal species. We developed a novel, multifunctional approach to calculate different metrics of conservation value that represent different components of species diversity within the PAs, involving inventory diversity, deviation from the species–area relationship, species rarity and differentiation diversity. Applying it, we found that individual PAs frequently vary considerably in their scores on different components, which are often disconnected from PA size. PAs around the EU periphery, often containing few species, are key to conserving species that are rare in the EU. Because our analysis focuses on EU priority species and includes different components of diversity, it allows more appropriate estimation of conservation value inside PAs in context of the EU than recent, high-profile, global-level research. We offer tools to evaluate, and information to regulate, the representativeness, persistence and efficiency of PAs.

Protected areas (PAs) constitute major tools in nature conservation. In the European Union (EU), the Birds and Habitats Directives are the most important policies for conservation strategy, legally preserving Europe's characteristic, rare, endemic and threatened biota. We used occurrence data for species listed in the directives' Annexes to assess the uniqueness of major PAs in the EU (National Parks, Biosphere Reserves); this is important for preserving the EU's focal species. We developed a novel, multifunctional approach to calculate different metrics of conservation value that represent different components of species diversity within the PAs, involving inventory diversity, deviation from the species–area relationship, species rarity and differentiation diversity. Applying it, we found that individual PAs frequently vary considerably in their scores on different components, which are often disconnected from PA size. PAs around the EU periphery, often containing few species, are key to conserving species that are rare in the EU. Because our analysis focuses on EU priority species and includes different components of diversity, it allows more appropriate estimation of conservation value inside PAs in context of the EU than recent, high-profile, global-level research. We offer tools to evaluate, and information to regulate, the representativeness, persistence and efficiency of PAs.

Protected areas (PAs) constitute major tools in nature conservation. In the European Union (EU), the Birds and Habitats Directives are the most important policies for conservation strategy, legally preserving Europe's characteristic, rare, endemic and threatened biota. We used occurrence data for species listed in the directives' Annexes to assess the uniqueness of major PAs in the EU (National Parks, Biosphere Reserves); this is important for preserving the EU's focal species. We developed a novel, multifunctional approach to calculate different metrics of conservation value that represent different components of species diversity within the PAs, involving inventory diversity, deviation from the species–area relationship, species rarity and differentiation diversity. Applying it, we found that individual PAs frequently vary considerably in their scores on different components, which are often disconnected from PA size. PAs around the EU periphery, often containing few species, are key to conserving species that are rare in the EU. Because our analysis focuses on EU priority species and includes different components of diversity, it allows more appropriate estimation of conservation value inside PAs in context of the EU than recent, high-profile, global-level research. We offer tools to evaluate, and information to regulate, the representativeness, persistence and efficiency of PAs.

AbstractAn organizational leader confronting a problem needs to make a decision of what to do to resolve it. The Vroom and Yetton (VY) model of leadership and decision making specifies that the leader should analyze the problem according to seven situational criteria, and then determine which of five decision styles is most suited to solving the problem. What we do not know is if the seven criteria specified by the VY model are the most important criteria to be considered. We need to know what information individuals pull out of a decision situation case and the effect it has on their choice of decision style. An experiment was performed in which 155 subjects read two managerial cases each, and without any prompting specified the criteria of importance to them when selecting a Vroom‐Yetton decision style. It was found that the criteria of information availability; subordinate decision acceptance; task relevant experience levels of the leader and subordinates; the importance of decision quality; and the time available to make the decision were most important. Support was found for the VY model's theoretical specification of important problem criteria, though other important decision criteria were also uncovered.RésuméEn milieu organisationnel, un leader, faisant face à un problème, doit prendre une décision pour le résoudre. Le modèle de leadership et de prise de décision Vroom et Yetton (VY) précise comment le leader peut analyser le problème. En se servant de sept critères reliés à la situation et, ensuite, en déterminant le meilleur des cinq styles de décision, le leader peut arriver à résoudre le problème. Ce que nous ignorons, c'est si les sept critères présentés dans le modèle VY sont les plus importants critères à considérer. Nous devons savoir le genre de renseignements que les individus peuvent retenir lors d'une situation de décision et les effets que ces renseignements ont sur leur choix d'un style de décision. L'expérimentation exécutée comprenait 155 sujets. Ces sujets ont lu chacun deux cas de gestion et, sans ětre empressés, ont précisé les critères qu'ils considéraient importants pour leur choix d'un style de décision VY. Les résultats indiquent que la disponibilité de renseignements, l'acceptation des décisions par les subordonnés, les niveaux d'expérience reliés à la tǎche du leader et des subordonnés, l'importance de la qualité de décision, et le temps disponible pour la prise de décision sont les critères considérés les plus importants. L'appui pour les précisions théoriques des critères importants de problèmes du modèle VY est en évidence dans les résultats. également, la recherche démontre l'existence d'autres critères importants pour la prise de décision.