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After the conversion of Rus' to Christianity, the Orthodox Church remained for a time in close contact with Latin Christendom. However, as the Russian state & Church were fused together during the 15th & 16th centuries, the Church turned more & more into an ideological pillar supporting a conception of the state that was alien to West European traditions & had an anti-Western policy. Even in the Soviet Union, this tradition was revived in the late 1930s. The Russian Orthodox Church has remained, right up to the present day, a stronghold of hostility to all kinds of Western thought -- including conservative Catholic thought. One expression of this tradition can be seen in the Social Doctrine drawn up by the Church in 2000. Russia will only become part of Europe when the Russian Orthodox Church recognizes that it is part of European civilization. Adapted from the source document.

"Nach der Christianisierung der Rus' stand die Orthodoxie in engem Kontakt mit dem lateinischen Christentum. Mit der Verschmelzung von Staat und Kirche im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert entwickelte sie sich jedoch zunehmend zur ideologischen Stütze einer Westeuropa fremden Staatsauffassung und anti-westlichen Politik. In der Sowjetunion lebte diese Tradition in den späten 1930er Jahren wieder auf. Bis heute ist die Russisch-Orthodoxe Kirche ein Hort der Feindschaft gegenüber westlichem Denken aller Art - einschließlich dem konservativen katholischen. Exemplarisch kommt dies an der im Jahre 2000 verabschiedeten Sozialdoktrin zum Ausdruck. Erst wenn auch die Russisch-Orthodoxe Kirche anerkennt, dass sie Teil der europäischen Zivilisation ist, wird Russland ein Teil Europas sein." (Autorenreferat)

Dopo il collasso dell'Unione Sovietica e la fine del bipolarismo Usa-Urss è iniziato un processo di ridefinizione dei tradizionali equilibri geo-politici che hanno caratterizzato la seconda metà del Novecento. Le profonde trasformazioni politiche cui abbiamo fatto cenno coinvolgono in modo diretto non solo gli Stati Uniti ed i paesi della Comunità degli stati indipendenti, ma anche i paesi dell'Europa occidentale e centro-orientale, nonché lealtre potenze del nord-America, il Giappone ed i paesi confinanti con la Federazione Russa. Nello spazio geo-politico della ex-Unione Sovietica vi sono, inoltre, particolari elementi di instabilità che potrebbero generare seri rischi di frammentazione su base nazionale e regionale. L'ordine internazionale che risulterà in futuro dalla fine del bipolarismo, i problemi interni della Federazione Russa e le relazioni di questa ultima con gli ex-avversari e gli ex-alleati di un tempo sono alcuni dei temi discussi nella Tavola Rotonda che ha coinvolto Mikhail S.Gorbaciov, ultimo presidente dell'Unione Sovietica, Sergej A Filatov, già capo dell'Amministrazione presidenziale della Federazione Russa, Georgij A. Satarov, consigliere politico del presidente Eltsin, Vladimir V. Zirinovskij, leader del Partito liberal-democratico. ; After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of U.S.-Soviet bipolarism there began the redefinition of the traditional geo-political balances that have marked the second half of last century. These profound political changes directly involve not only the United States and the Commonwealth of Independent States, but also western and central-eastern Europe and the other powers in north America, Japan and the countries bordering on the Russian Federation. In the geo-political area of the former Soviet Union there are also particular factors of instability that could in the future produce serious risks of fragmentation on a national and regional basis. The international order that will follow the end of bipolarism, the domestic problems of the Russian Federation and its relations with its former adversaries and allies are among the themes discussed in this Round Table. It was attended by Mikhail S. Gorbachev, former President of the Soviet Union, Sergeij A. Filatov, Head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Georgy A. Satarov, Foreign Relations Advisor to President Yeltsin, and Vladimir V. Zhirinovsky, leader of the Liberal Democratic Party.