Suchergebnisse

The historical and cultural heritage of the region contains a powerful potential for its preservation and development. The more vividly colored the cultural specificity of the region, more precisely, the cultural peculiarity (and isolation) of the people living in the territory of this region, the greater the historical depth of the cultural tradition that determines the specifics of the population of the region, the more stable the local subculture (in this context, the totality of people having common features of culture and corresponding identity), the more cohesive, more stable the social group.
The destruction of the historical cultural heritage, the discrediting of culture, the destruction of the cultural symbols of a particular social community inevitably entails the blurring of its boundaries, the destruction of stable social ties, and the loss of collectively shared values. During the armed confrontation between government troops and jihadist gangs in the Republic of Mali, jihadists captured the ancient cultural capital of the Sahel, the city of Timbuktu.
Islamists destroyed ancient mosques and mausoleums, burned ancient manuscripts and libraries in which they were stored. It was an attempt to prevent the formation of a single national community and to prevent the creation of a multicultural nation-state.

The article presents an overview of the current presence and prospects of the armed forces of the Fifth Republic on the African continent, based on the information available from the French Ministry of Defense and the materials presented by French and Russian experts in mass media. The relocation and changes in the number of French armed troops linked to broad anti-France movement in several countries of Western Tropical Africa is analyzed. High relevance of studying this process is underscored by major geopolitical changes that have taken place in Africa in recent years and Russia's major role in them. The presence of Russian private military companies in the region played a role in the expulsion of French troops from the Central African Republic, Burkina Faso, and Mali. The overthrow of corrupt regimes oriented towards France by the progressive elites of these countries' armed forces, with broad popular support, led to the end of the French military "Operation Barkhan" and reduction in the number of French armed troops and military bases in the sub-Saharan region. The turbulent events that have taken place in Niger and Gabon may cause further decline in the influence of the Fifth Republic in the Sahel and, at the same time, mark an important stage in Russia's "return" to this strategically important region. Perspectives de la présence militaire de la Ve République en Afrique dans le contexte de crise du néocolonialisme français L'article, basé sur des documents du ministère français de la Défense, ainsi que sur des données d'experts français et russes présentées dans les médias, propose un apercu de l'état actuel et des perspectives de la présence des forces armées de la Ve République sur le continent Africain. Le processus de modification de l'emplacement et du nombre des contingents militaires des forces armées en relation avec le vaste mouvement anti-français dans un certain nombre de pays d'Afrique tropicale occidentale au cours des dernières années est examiné. L'urgence d'étudier ce processus tient au fait qu'au cours des dernières années, des changements géopolitiques mondiaux ont eu lieu en Afrique et que la Russie y joue un rôle important. La présence de compagnies militaires privées russes dans la région a joué un rôle dans l'expulsion des troupes françaises de Centrafrique, du Burkina Faso et du Mali. Le renversement des régimes corrompus orientés vers la France par les élites progressistes des forces armées, soutenues par les larges masses populaires de ces pays, a conduit à l'achèvement de l'opération militaire française "Barkhane" et à une réduction des effectifs des contingents et leurs bases de déploiement dans la région subsaharienne. Les événements turbulents qui se déroulent actuellement au Niger et au Gabon pourraient provoquer un nouveau déclin de l'influence de la Ve République au Sahel et, au contraire, constituer une étape cruciale dans le "retour" de la Russie dans cette région d'importance stratégique.

The subject of the study was the East African Commonwealth, an economic association that currently unites Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda and Southern Sudan. Particular attention is paid to the integration processes in Africa in the post-colonial period, the doctrine of federalism in the political discourse of African countries, the causes of the crisis and the dissolution of the EAC in the seventies of the last century, as well as the economic and political reasons for reintegration of YOU. Special attention is paid to the evolution of the EAC from an economic alliance to a political one and the prospect of forming a federative state on the basis of the SAC.
The author identifies the factors that led to the economic consolidation of the EAC, as well as those determinants of development of the commonwealth, which make it extremely difficult to form a unified federal state in East Africa.
It is concluded that the further regionalization of the African continent and the realization of the federal project in East Africa will be hindered by such factors as the high level of conflict in the EAC member countries, tribalism, cultural, confessional and linguistic heterogeneity, and the ambition of leaders and political elites.

The object of research is the multifunctional structure of the system of mechanisms of transition of Ukraine to sustainable development. The use of the concept of sustainable development of the society, which is focused on the optimal satisfaction of people's needs, provides sufficient quality of life, rational use of natural resources and environmental protection, and focuses on the creation of certain prerequisites, the essence of which is revealed in these articles. One of the priority components that have not been fully formed to shape the conditions for sustainable development of the country are: – economic (involves the effective use of all types of resources focused on reducing or eliminating pressure on natural ecosystems); – environmental (as a way of restoring the original state of the natural environment, preserving it on this levels, implementation of measures to the maximum possible improvement); – social (involves improving the well-being and quality of life of a person, preserving its health). System-integrated approach is used to managing sustainable development mechanisms that provide the socio-economic vector of becoming regions of the country. In the course of the research it is determined that the structure of sustainable development mechanisms is formed by state and non-governmental organizational structures that are formed at different levels of the mechanism and implement their decisions through levers of influence that fall within their powers, namely through: – regulatory; – tax policy; – budgetary-financial policy; – promotional support and more. Thanks to these levers, they can be effective and help to achieve the main goal of the organizational and management mechanism in the case of a clear division of powers at different levels of management and with a clear control of compliance with legal rules and strategic goals. It is concluded that the optimal multifunctional structure of the system of mechanisms of transition of Ukraine to sustainable development should combine structures of ...

Abstract
The article sets out the results of a research of the criminogenic potential capacity of cigarette smuggling. The article provides an analysis of the criminological connotation of the criminogenic potential capacity of tobacco products smuggling and presents the characteristics of the Ukrainian peculiarities of this pan-European problem. The article presents a view of the dynamics and geographical features of countering cigarette smuggling in Europe, regarding the use of FRONTEX (European Border and Coast Guard Agency) and the national border authorities. The article conveys the nature and consequences of the interrelation of cigarette smuggling and cross-border crime, and it identifies the ways to counteract this phenomenon in the context of the harmonization of the policies of different countries and the EU in the relevant sphere. Additionally, the article covers the reasons for the legislative trends in the criminalization of the excisable goods smuggling.