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A few violent campus incidents highlighted by the media have drawn a spotlight to college and university campuses that has created the impression that campuses are increasingly dangerous places. This article discusses the legal, legislative, and administrative responses to victimization and fear on campuses and critically examines issues raised by these responses and the media. Several court decisions have addressed issues concerning university liability to student victims of campus crime and have used the doctrine of foreseeability as the standard for establishing liability. Congress responded by passing the Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act of 1990, which mandates postsecondary schools to publicly report certain crime statistics and security policies. Several state legislatures have also enacted reporting legislation. Further, administrators have begun to implement a variety of educational crime prevention and safety programs, as well as security procedures, to reduce crime, risk, and fear.

A few violent campus incidents highlighted by the media have created the impression that campuses are increasingly dangerous places. Discussing the legal, legislative, & administrative responses to victimization & fear on campuses, issues raised by these responses & the media are critically examined. Several court decisions have addressed issues concerning university liability to student victims of campus crime & have used the doctrine of foreseeability as the standard for establishing liability. Congress responded by passing the Crime Awareness & Campus Security Act of 1990, which mandates postsecondary schools to publicly report certain crime statistics & security policies. Several state legislatures have also enacted reporting legislation. Further, administrators have begun to implement a variety of educational crime prevention & safety programs, as well as security procedures, to reduce crime, risk, & fear. Adapted from the source document.

"This new edition of Campus Crime shares with readers the advancements that have been made in understanding campus crime. In the three sections of this book, the chapters in each section review changes while also addressing current - and even future - crime and security issues confronting institutions with higher educations (IHEs). Some of these chapters address long-standing topics such as the sexual victimization of college women and the role of campus police departments in securing IHEs. Other chapters address new issues in campus crime such as drugging victimization, concealed carrying of firearms on campus, and "technology-based" security issues such as the challenges posed by cybercriminals, as well as activities like cyberstalking and identity theft that involve campus community members both as victims and offenders. Although there are new topics and contributors to this edition, the previously covered chapters have been updated as well. The authors have brought together contributors who could provide both a current picture and critical analysis of issues concerning the legal, social, security, and policy contexts of campus crime. The chapters review topics at hand, offer substantive, critical analyses, thought-providing discussion, and raise relevant policy issues, questions, and answers. This fourth edition combines seasoned campus crime experts with those relatively new to the study of campus crime who represent the next generation of scholars and practitioners in the field and bring with them the passion that comes with beginning to address what they see as the issues, explanations, solutions for, and responses to campus crime"--

This third edition underscores that interest in the legal, social, and policy contexts of campus crime has not waned. Among the purposes of this new edition is the desire to share with readers the advancements that have occurred in understanding campus crime, especially the dynamics of college student victimization, and efforts to effectively address campus security issues. Presented in three sections, the first examines the legal context of crime by offering five chapters whose focus is on the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act and its state-leve

Empirical studies have established that Blacks and Hispanics are two of the most violently victimized racial/ethnic groups in the United States, but the mechanisms that underlie these disparities in victimization risk are not well understood. This study tests a mediation model developed from criminal opportunity theories that may explain the disparities. Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, the results show that Black and Hispanic adolescents were twice as likely as their White counterparts to be violently victimized, and these disparities remained after controlling for demographic characteristics and prior victimization. As to the hypothesized sources of these disparities, there was mixed evidence regarding the mediation model. Although risky lifestyles were significantly related to violent victimization and eliminated all disparities between Black and White youth, they failed to eliminate victimization disparities between Hispanics and White youth. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of theory and victimization prevention.

This article examines fear of crime in relation to exterior site features on a college campus. The authors propose and test a theoretical model that posits that places that afford offenders refuge, and victims limited prospect and escape, will be seen as unsafe. In three studies, the authors observed behavior, obtained responses to site plans and on-site responses to perceptions of safety in relation to exterior campus areas that varied in prospect, refuge, and escape. The findings confirmed that fear of crime was highest in areas with refuge for potential offenders and low prospect and escape for potential victims. In places such as campuses, which have pronounced fear of crime, designs that manipulate prospect, refuge, and escape could reduce the fear of crime, as well as opportunities for crime.

Violence against women is a global problem and despite a wealth of knowledge and inspiring action around the globe, it continues unabated. Bringing together the very best in international scholarship with a rich variety of pedagogical features, this innovative new textbook on violence against women is specifically designed to provoke debate, interrogate assumptions and encourage critical thinking about this global issue. This book presents a range of critical reflections on the strengths and limitations of responses to violent crimes against women and how they have evolved to date. Each sectio