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Cover -- Table of Contents -- Illustrations -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Chapter One. Occultism: Empowerment or Menace? -- Chapter Two. Colportage: Harmless Pleasure or Dangerous Diversion? -- Chapter Three. The Schund Law: Defending Morality or Undermining Freedom? -- Chapter Four. Detective Pulps: Modeling Justice or Glamorizing Crime? -- Chapter Five. Nudism: Weimar Renaissance or National Degeneration? -- Epilogue -- Bibliography -- Index

Abstract. The incentive effects of state and local tax policies in promoting or inhibiting the ownership of farmland by non‐operators are evaluated. Previous research on the economic, social and environmental effects of absentee ownership is reviewed as well as evidence regarding the impact of tax laws on absentee owners versus owner‐operators. The Federal tax laws, it is found, work to increase land prices, reduce entry into farming by young farmers, and increase absentee ownership. State income tax policies may reinforce these effects. Property tax policies, on the other hand, may counteract income tax laws by giving tax relief preferentially to owner‐operators. Several modifications of property tax relief programs are suggested.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Enterprise Zones and Economic-Development Policy -- 3 - How Valuable Are Zone Incentives to Firms? -- 4 - How Taxes and Incentives Favor One Industry over Another and Capital over Labor -- 5 - The Fiscal Effects of Incentives -- 6 - Manufacturing Growth and Decline in Enterprise Zones -- 7 - Enterprise Zones, Incentives, and Local Economic Growth -- 8 - Enterprise Zones and Access to Employment -- 9 - Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- Appendix A: Details of the TAIM(ez) Model -- Appendix B: Do High-Unemployment Places Have Lower Business Taxes? A Comparison of Results from TAIM and TAIM(ez) -- Appendix C: The Tax Elasticity of Employment and Fiscal Break-Even -- Appendix D: The SSEL Data -- Appendix E: Translating Enterprise Zone Boundaries and Tax Characteristics of Zones -- Appendix F: Detailed Results -- Appendix G: Gravity-Based Commuting Models -- Appendix H: Enterprise Zones and Commuting -- References -- The Authors -- Subject Index -- About the Institute.

The process of privatization of state industries and utilities was
a major feature of Government activity and the UK economy during the
1980s. Privatization was achieved in a number of ways and the treatment
of land and property aspects varied. Traces the inconsistency of
approach by Government departments and examines relevant valuation
issues.

Tables. ; "Whatever concerns my country ." ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44

Geodemographics is the study of people by where they live, and historically has relied in part on census information to provide essential variables. In 2005 the Office for National Statistics for England and Wales published a geodemographic classification of output areas (OAs; the smallest published areas of enumeration for the UK) of the 2001 UK Census. Uniquely among UK examples of such classifications not only are the classes to which each OA is assigned published for free with no restriction on use, but the difference between each OA and all class centroids are also made available. In this paper these differences (being Euclidian distances in the classification feature space) are used to introduce uncertainty by softening the classification using the methods derived from fuzzy c-means and the possibilistic c-means classifications. The former applies a probabilistic assumption that all fuzzy memberships for a particular OA sum to unity while the latter does not. This assumption (which is the same as that behind the published OA classification) may generate results which are potentially misleading because the fuzzy c-means method forces OAs into classes to which they may have relatively little similarity while minimising the importance of classes to which they may have a larger affinity. If the fuzzy memberships or possibilities were to be integrated with other socioeconomic variables which are also conceived as fuzzy sets for geodemographic applications (decision making for government resource allocation, site location modelling or marketing, for example), then the two results would produce different outcomes. It is suggested that the possibilistic c-means are the more useful although they do lead to the possibly confusing but analytically rich situation where one OA may have minimal affinity with any class, at the same time as others may have strong affinity with many classes.