Suchergebnisse

The spatial turn in Ireland has emerged from a focus on postcolonial discourse, a historical model that critiques the inequalities inherent in Irish modernity. A focus on place as a means of establishing identity, particularly within the context of colonial and imperialist narratives, led to a dynamic discourse on literary representations of the environment in Irish studies depicting fraught relationships between land and scarcity. And yet, there was resistance to engaging with ecocriticism on a systematic level, as Eóin Flannery observes, "the field of Irish cultural studies has yet to exploit fully the critical and analytical resources of ecological criticism" (2012: 6). Previously, the discourse of space and place has been in the service of Irish cultural studies: how has our relationship with place made Ireland what it is today? One of the interesting aspects of the intervention of ecocriticism in the field of Irish studies is how much of ecocriticism is still in the trawl of the cultural implications for the environment. This article will examine the emergence of Irish studies and ecocritical discourse in recent years and explore the dynamic between post-colonialism and environmental criticism with respect to the Irish canon. ; La ecocrítica en los estudios irlandeses, y el giro espacial que le precedió, surgieron de la concentración del campo en el discurso poscolonial y las desigualdades inherentes a la modernidad irlandesa. El enfoque del lugar como forma de establecer la identidad, especialmente en el contexto de las narrativas coloniales e imperialistas, llevó a una discusión dinámica de las representaciones literarias del medio ambiente en los estudios irlandeses que describen las tensas relaciones entre la tierra y la escasez. Y, sin embargo, se resistieron a participar en los debates clave de la ecocrítica angloamericana de forma sistemática. Como observó Eóin Flannery en 2016, "el campo de los estudios culturales irlandeses aún tiene que explotar plenamente los recursos críticos y analíticos de la ...

Ecocriticism in Irish studies, and the spatial turn which preceded it, emerged from the field's concentration on postcolonial discourse and the inequalities inherent in Irish modernity. The focus on place as a means of establishing identity, particularly within the context of colonial and imperialist narratives, led to a dynamic discussion of literary representations of the environment in Irish studies depicting fraught relationships between land and scarcity. And yet, there was resistance to engaging with the key debates in Anglo-American ecocriticism on a systematic level. As Eóin Flannery observed in 2016, "the field of Irish cultural studies has yet to exploit fully the critical and analytical resources of ecological criticism." So far, the discourse around depictions of space has been principally in the service of Irish cultural studies, asking how the relationship with place has made Ireland what it is today. One of the interesting aspects of the incursion of ecocriticism in the field of Irish studies is how environmental considerations have come to be recognised as a part of the identity discourse. As the title suggests, the island of Ireland is also a border country in that it encompasses a contentious border, and two distinct identities, from both Northern Ireland and the Republic. This essay examines the emergence of ecocritical discourse in Irish studies and explores the ongoing dynamic between postcolonialism and environmental criticism with respect to the Irish canon. ; La ecocrítica en los estudios irlandeses, y el giro espacial que le precedió, surgieron de la concentración del campo en el discurso poscolonial y las desigualdades inherentes a la modernidad irlandesa. El enfoque del lugar como forma de establecer la identidad, especialmente en el contexto de las narrativas coloniales e imperialistas, llevó a una discusión dinámica de las representaciones literarias del medio ambiente en los estudios irlandeses que describen las tensas relaciones entre la tierra y la escasez. Y, sin embargo, se ...

Abstract Background High rates of obesity are a significant issue amongst Indigenous populations in many countries around the world. Media framing of issues can play a critical role in shaping public opinion and government policy. A broad range of media analyses have been conducted on various aspects of obesity, however media representation of Indigenous obesity remains unexplored. In this study we investigate how obesity in Australia's Indigenous population is represented in newsprint media coverage. Method Media articles published between 2007 and 2014 were analysed for the distribution and extent of coverage over time and across Indigenous and mainstream media sources using quantitative content analysis. Representation of the causes and solutions of Indigenous obesity and framing in text and image content was examined using qualitative framing analysis. Results Media coverage of Indigenous obesity was very limited with no clear trends in reporting over time or across sources. The single Indigenous media source was the second largest contributor to the media discourse of this issue. Structural causes/origins were most often cited and individual solutions were comparatively overrepresented. A range of frames were employed across the media sources. All images reinforced textual framing except for one article where the image depicted individual factors whereas the text referred to structural determinants. Conclusion This study provides a starting point for an important area of research that needs further investigation. The findings highlight the importance of alternative news media outlets, such as The Koori Mail, and that these should be developed to enhance the quality and diversity of media coverage. Media organisations can actively contribute to improving Indigenous health through raising awareness, evidence-based balanced reporting, and development of closer ties with Indigenous health workers.

"Exposing the explicit and implicit relationships between politics, political decisions and public policy within a planetary perspective, this textbook focuses on the importance of the political environment as a determinant of population health outcomes. Sendall, Mutch and Fitzgerald bring together a team of experts in public health, health policy and planetary health in Australia to examine the political factors that determine population health outcomes. They take a student-centred approach, explaining complex concepts in an interactive, engaging, and thought-provoking way within a logical, easy to navigate structure. Each chapter takes on key contemporary public health issues, such as family, work, diversity, housing, energy, education, food and waste, examining it within the context of politics, policy and health outcomes from a planetary perspective. There is a comprehensive suite of learning activities within each chapter, catering to diverse learning styles and prior knowledge to encourage critical thinking. An essential text for students of public health, health promotion, and health policy"--

This book examines the decriminalisation of all sectors of sex work in New Zealand. It provides first hand views and experience on this policy from the point of view of those involved in the sex industry, as well as people involved in developing, implementing, researching and reviewing the policies

This book examines the decriminalisation of all sectors of sex work in New Zealand. It provides first hand views and experience on this policy from the point of view of those involved in the sex industry, as well as people involved in developing, implementing, researching and reviewing the policies.

This book examines the decriminalisation of all sectors of sex work in New Zealand. It provides first hand views and experience on this policy from the point of view of those involved in the sex industry, as well as people involved in developing, implementing, researching and reviewing the policies.

The trajectories of people attempting to reduce harmful methamphetamine use are frequently understood within a binary framework of transitioning between states of health and disease. This framework can often be reinforced by service interactions informed by these dominant narratives of recovery and addiction. In this paper, we draw on a critical interactionist analysis of ethnographic fieldwork conducted with people who use methamphetamine, to examine how their experiences could undermine this binary, observing the ways participants experienced growth, change, and progress, without necessarily maintaining abstinence. These findings support a more diverse understanding of drug use trajectories, and we explore the concept of 'living with drug use', similar to how people live with other chronic conditions by finding 'health in illness'. Participant experiences are also interpreted within the context of counter public health, arguing for the recognition and integration of values and goals which are divergent from the implicit aims of public health practice.

Background: Community engagement and participation has played a critical role in successful disease control and elimination campaigns in many countries. Despite this, its benefits for malaria control and elimination are yet to be fully realized. This may be due to a limited understanding of the influences on participation in developing countries as well as inadequate investment in infrastructure and resources to support sustainable community participation. This paper reports the findings of an atypical systematic review of 60 years of literature in order to arrive at a more comprehensive awareness of the constructs of participation for communicable disease control and elimination and provide guidance for the current malaria elimination campaign. Methods: Evidence derived from quantitative research was considered both independently and collectively with qualitative research papers and case reports. All papers included in the review were systematically coded using a pre-determined qualitative coding matrix that identified influences on community participation at the individual, household, community and government/civil society levels. Colour coding was also carried out to reflect the key primary health care period in which community participation programmes originated. These processes allowed exhaustive content analysis and synthesis of data in an attempt to realize conceptual development beyond that able to be achieved by individual empirical studies or case reports. Results: Of the 60 papers meeting the selection criteria, only four studies attempted to determine the effect of community participation on disease transmission. Due to inherent differences in their design, interventions and outcome measures, results could not be compared. However, these studies showed statistically significant reductions in disease incidence or prevalence using various forms of community participation. The use of locally selected volunteers provided with adequate training, supervision and resources are common and important elements ...

Background: Early diagnosis and prompt effective case management are important components of any malaria elimination strategy. Tafea Province, Vanuatu has a rich history of traditional practices and beliefs, which have been integrated with missionary efforts and the introduction of modern constructions of health. Gaining a detailed knowledge of community perceptions of malarial symptomatology and treatment-seeking behaviours is essential in guiding effective community participation strategies for malaria control and elimination. Method: An ethnographic study involving nine focus group discussions (FGD), 12 key informant interviews (KII) and seven participatory workshops were carried out on Tanna Island, Vanuatu. Villages in areas of high and low malaria transmission risk were selected. Four ni-Vanuatu research officers, including two from Tanna, were trained and employed to conduct the research. Data underwent thematic analysis to examine treatment-seeking behaviour and community perceptions of malaria. Results: Malaria was perceived to be a serious, but relatively new condition, and in most communities, identified as being apparent only after independence in 1980. Severe fever in the presence of other key symptoms triggered a diagnosis of malaria by individuals. Use of traditional or home practices was common: perceived vulnerability of patient and previous experience with malaria impacted on the time taken to seek treatment at a health facility. Barriers to health care access and reasons for delay in care-seeking included the availability of health worker and poor community infrastructure. Conclusion: Due to programme success of achieving low malaria transmission, Tafea province has been identified for elimination of malaria by 2012 in the Government of Vanuatu Malaria Action Plans (MAP). An effective malaria elimination programme requires interactions between the community and its leaders, malaria workers and health providers for success in diagnosis and prompt treatment. As malaria becomes more uncommon, ...

Febrile illnesses are among the most common reasons for visits to hospitals and clinics worldwide. Since fevers can arise from a wide range of diseases, identifying the causative pathogen is essential not only for effective personal treatment but also for early detection of outbreaks. The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) tasked a coalition of commercial, academic, and government researchers with moving diagnostic technology concepts from ideation to field use as rapidly as possible using scientifically sound evaluations. DTRA's 24 Month Challenge program examined >30 technologies before fielding four technologies on four continents. >10,000 in field test results were recorded. Here we discuss our tiered evaluation system to assess candidate technologies developed by commercial partners and the process of field testing those technologies at various front-line clinics in Sierra Leone, Thailand, Peru, and Australia. We discuss successes and challenges for introducing two multiplexed lateral flow immunoassay(LFI) tests that detect malaria, dengue fever, melioidosis, and the plague. Additionally we discuss the use of a LFI reader that assisted the interpretation of the assay, communicated results to a data cloud, and greatly facilitated reach-back support. Lastly, we discuss the concurrent field testing of a multiplexed PCR assay on the FilmArray platform, which had an assay pouch specially designed for the 24 Month Challenge. Either standard-of-care or gold-standard testing were run alongside our fielded technologies to benchmark their performance.