The Moscow Helsinki monitors: their vision, their achievement, the price they paid, May 12, 1976-May 12, 1986
In: Helsinki Watch report
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In: Helsinki Watch report
World Affairs Online
In: Perspectives on political science, Band 24, Heft 1, S. 50
ISSN: 1045-7097
In: The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, S. 331-347
World Affairs Online
In: Annals of communism
In: The women's review of books, Band 13, Heft 9, S. 10
In: Perspectives on political science, Band 26, Heft 4, S. 232
ISSN: 1045-7097
In: The women's review of books, Band 1, Heft 10, S. 8
Phase and polarization of coherent light are highly perturbed by interaction with microstructural changes in premalignant tissue, holding promise for label-free detection of early tumors in endoscopically accessible tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract. Flexible optical multicore fiber (MCF) bundles used in conventional diagnostic endoscopy and endomicroscopy scramble phase and polarization, restricting clinicians instead to low-contrast amplitude-only imaging. We apply a transmission matrix characterization approach to produce full-field en-face images of amplitude, quantitative phase, and resolved polarimetric properties through an MCF. We first demonstrate imaging and quantification of biologically relevant amounts of optical scattering and birefringence in tissue-mimicking phantoms. We present an entropy metric that enables imaging of phase heterogeneity, indicative of disordered tissue microstructure associated with early tumors. Finally, we demonstrate that the spatial distribution of phase and polarization information enables label-free visualization of early tumors in esophageal mouse tissues, which are not identifiable using conventional amplitude-only information. ; This work was funded by Cancer Research UK (C47594/A16267, C14303/A17197, C47594/A21102); the European Union Seventh Framework Agreement (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG-630729); and pump priming awards from the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, including dedicated funding from the Early Detection Programme (A20976).
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