Suchergebnisse

We examined risk factors influencing length of homelessness among a sample of drug-using adults booked into jails in 30 American counties during the years 2002–2003. Interviews were conducted with 30,634 arrestees. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) explored the impact of arrestees' drug use histories, prior experiences with alcohol and drug treatment, prior mental health experiences, and previous criminal justice experiences on membership in one of three housing stability categories. MLR results showed that, in comparison to the sporadic homeless, the persistent homeless were a demographically distinct group with significant social and human capital deficits and distinct health risk profiles, including drug use behavior, mental health status, and criminal offending. We argue that jails are well positioned to serve as a focal point for the delivery of public health and psychiatric services to homeless persons.

Central to urban sociology is the assumption that place matters. Yet, urban sociology has virtually ignored the role of place in understanding a critical aspect of personal and collective well–being—health. This article attempts to synthesize major sociological theories of health, within an urban ecological framework, in an effort to provide insight into how the distinct spatial qualities of neighborhoods impact the health risks, beliefs, and behaviors of their residents. Because the ecology of metropolitan regions is a landscape of uneven risk, hazard, and protection, it produces dramatic differences in the physical and mental health of its residents. Most affected by this process have been inner–city, disadvantaged populations who have shouldered the primary weight of the "urban health penalty."

Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Preface -- 1. A Hard Rain's A- Gonna Fall -- 2. Who We Are -- 3. Every Picture Tells a Story -- 4. Anticipation -- 5. Who'll Stop the Rain? -- 6. After the Storm -- 7. Changes -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- Index -- About the Authors

Shows that the location of jobs and the fact that occupations are sex-typed results in different commuting patterns for male and female workers; US.

Commuting data for 66.8 million workers living in metropolitan areas derived from the 1980 US Census are used to examine how workers' choice of workplace is constrained by residence, the spatial distribution of jobs, & occupational sex segregation. Results show that, depsite a general tendency among workers to be employed in their area of residence, the spatial distribution of jobs & sex-typed occupations often necessitate workers commuting to places discordant with their residence. 4 Tables, 1 Figure, 36 References. Adapted from the source document.

A new way of conceptualizing community socioeconomic status (SES) & its effect on black suburbanization is proposed that, it is contended, will lead to reconciliation of empirical & theoretical inconsistencies found in previous work. This approach, merging two existing views & treating the effect of SES on black suburban growth as nonlinear, yields findings that support reconceptualization of SES as a status symbol that both attracts & deters potential residents. A test conducted with data from 629 incorporated suburbs with populations of 10,000+ in 1980, for which data were available since 1960, reveals that the level of black suburbanization increases as the SES levels of suburban communities rise. However, once a status tipping point is reached, black population growth decreases as community SES continues to increase. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 14 References. Adapted from the source document.

Members of socially marginalized communities have always suffered the most acute effects of natural disasters, and they have also been the slowest to recover. Thus, it is not surprising that the COVID-19 pandemic appears to be following a similar trajectory. This article details race disparities, social status and place, and their independent and combined effects on Americans' social and emotional health as COVID-19 infection rates began to accelerate across the country.

Aims: Interpersonal theory suggests relationships between socio-economic status (SES) and adolescent psychopathology mediated by negative parenting. This study examines the role of perceived parental social support and optimism in understanding adolescents' depression and self-rated health among a sample of Hungarian youth. Methods: Using a self-administered questionnaire, data ( N = 881) were collected from high-school students (14–20 years old) in Szeged, Hungary (a regional centre in the southeastern region, near to the Serbian border, with a population of 170,000 inhabitants). To analyse the overall structure of the relationship between objective/subjective SES, parental support, optimism and health outcomes (depression, self-perceived health), structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed. Results: Findings suggest the following: (1) SES variables generate social inequalities in adolescent depression through parental social support, particularly maternal support; and (2) parents provide youths with different levels of social support that in turn may strengthen or weaken optimism during the socialization process. Conclusions: In addressing depression prevention and treatment, we may want to take into account socio-economic differences in social networks and levels of optimism, which may influence youths' psychosocial adjustment and development of psychopathology.

Depressive symptomatology contributes to morbidity and mortality across the life course. Among factors predicting adolescent depressive symptomatology, it has become increasingly important to identify factors that prevent or minimize it, i.e., protective factors. This study examines protective factors operating in three contextual domains (parental, school-related and individual) that hold promise for explicating their role in the prevention of depressive symptomatology among a non-clinical adolescent population in Hungary. Data from this cross-sectional survey were gathered using self-administered questionnaires from adolescents (N = 881; aged between 14 and 20 years; 44.6% females) from five randomly selected high schools in Szeged, Hungary. Multiple regression analyses revealed that individual level variables (i.e., life satisfaction and optimism) were important predictors of adolescent depressive symptomatology. Among parental variables, social support from the same-sex parents lowered depressive symptoms. In addition, having dinner together with one's family was a significant protective factor for boys, whereas talking about problems with parents was significant for girls. In our study, school-related factors played only a limited role in reducing depressive symptoms; being happy with school was a protective factor only for boys. As a consequence, our findings draw attention to important gender differences in the structuring of protective factors and their role in reducing depressive symptoms, which will likely continue to be an important part of the prevention conversation.