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Effectiveness of brief intervention and contact for suicide attempters: a randomized controlled trial in five countries
In: Bulletin of the World Health Organization: the international journal of public health = Bulletin de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, Band 86, Heft 9, S. 703-709
ISSN: 1564-0604
Suicide Prevention in the WHO Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP)
In: Crisis: the journal of crisis intervention and suicide prevention, Band 34, Heft 5, S. 295-296
ISSN: 2151-2396
The World Health Organization's Report on Suicide: A Fundamental Step in Worldwide Suicide Prevention
In: Crisis: the journal of crisis intervention and suicide prevention, Band 35, Heft 5, S. 289-291
ISSN: 2151-2396
Why People Hate Congress but Love Their Own Congressperson: An Information Processing Explanation
In: Lammers, Joris orcid:0000-0002-2647-121X , Pauels, Eileen, Fleischmann, Alexandra and Galinsky, Adam D. (2022). Why People Hate Congress but Love Their Own Congressperson: An Information Processing Explanation. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull., 48 (3). S. 412 - 426. THOUSAND OAKS: SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. ISSN 1552-7433
Citizens in Western democracies often have negative attitudes toward political bodies, yet consistently re-elect their own representatives to these same political bodies. They hate Congress, but love their own congressperson. In contrast to resource-based explanations, we propose that this Paradox of Congressional Support is partly due to the wide availability of negative information about politicians in open societies combined with basic processes of information processing. Five studies found that unrelated negative political information decreases attitudes toward political categories such as U.S. governors but has no effect on attitudes of familiar, individual politicians (e.g., one's own governor); additional studies further identify familiarity as the critical process. Importantly, we demonstrate that this effect generalizes to all U.S. regions and remains when controlling for and is not moderated by political ideology. These results place a presumed macrolevel political paradox within the domain of cognitive mechanisms of basic information processing.
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You Can Leave Your Glasses on Glasses Can Increase Electoral Success
In: Fleischmann, Alexandra orcid:0000-0001-8290-4561 , Lammers, Joris, Stoker, Janka, I and Garretsen, Harry (2019). You Can Leave Your Glasses on Glasses Can Increase Electoral Success. Soc. Psychol., 50 (1). S. 38 - 53. GOTTINGEN: HOGREFE & HUBER PUBLISHERS. ISSN 2151-2590
Does wearing glasses hurt or help politicians in elections? Although some research shows that glasses signal unattractiveness, glasses also increase perceptions of competence. In eight studies, participants voted for politicians wearing (photoshopped) glasses or not. Wearing glasses increased politicians' electoral success in the US (Study 1). independent of their political orientation (Studies 2a and 2b). This positive effect was especially strong when intelligence was important (Study 3), and even occurred if glasses were used strategically (Study 4). However, it did not extend to India (Study 5) due to different cultural associations with glasses (Study 6). Furthermore, while intelligence mediated the effect, warmth did not (Study 7). In summary, wearing glasses can robustly boost electoral success, at least in Western cultures.
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You Can Leave Your Glasses on:Glasses Can Increase Electoral Success
In: Fleischmann , A , Lammers , J , Stoker , J I & Garretsen , J 2019 , ' You Can Leave Your Glasses on : Glasses Can Increase Electoral Success ' , Social Psychology , vol. 50 , no. 1 , pp. 38-52 . https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000359 ; ISSN:1864-9335
Does wearing glasses hurt or help politicians in elections? Although some research shows that glasses signal unattractiveness, glasses also increase perceptions of competence. In eight studies, participants voted for politicians wearing (photoshopped) glasses or not. Wearing glasses increased politicians' electoral success in the US (Study 1). independent of their political orientation (Studies 2a and 2b). This positive effect was especially strong when intelligence was important (Study 3), and even occurred if glasses were used strategically (Study 4). However, it did not extend to India (Study 5) due to different cultural associations with glasses (Study 6). Furthermore, while intelligence mediated the effect, warmth did not (Study 7). In summary, wearing glasses can robustly boost electoral success, at least in Western cultures.
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You Can Leave Your Glasses on: Glasses Can Increase Electoral Success
In: Social psychology, Band 50, Heft 1, S. 38-52
ISSN: 2151-2590
Abstract. Does wearing glasses hurt or help politicians in elections? Although some research shows that glasses signal unattractiveness, glasses also increase perceptions of competence. In eight studies, participants voted for politicians wearing (photoshopped) glasses or not. Wearing glasses increased politicians' electoral success in the US (Study 1), independent of their political orientation (Studies 2a and 2b). This positive effect was especially strong when intelligence was important (Study 3), and even occurred if glasses were used strategically (Study 4). However, it did not extend to India (Study 5) due to different cultural associations with glasses (Study 6). Furthermore, while intelligence mediated the effect, warmth did not (Study 7). In summary, wearing glasses can robustly boost electoral success, at least in Western cultures.
Psychiatric Diagnoses and Suicide: Revisiting the Evidence
In: Crisis: the journal of crisis intervention and suicide prevention, Band 25, Heft 4, S. 147-155
ISSN: 2151-2396
Abstract: Background: The key role of prevention and treatment of mental disorders in the prevention of suicide is widely acknowledged. Which specific disorders need to be targeted remains to be conclusively demonstrated. Aims: To re-examine the presence of psychiatric diagnosis in cases of completed suicide from a global perspective. Method: A review of studies reporting diagnoses of mental disorders in cases of completed suicide with or without history of admission to mental hospitals. Results: Most cases were from Europe and North America (82.2%). The majority (98%) of these had a diagnosis of at least one mental disorder. Among all diagnoses, mood disorders accounted for 30.2%, followed by substance-use related disorders (17.6%), schizophrenia (14.1%), and personality disorders (13.0%). Conclusions: The mental health paradigm in suicide prevention covers just a part of the problem. Antisuicide strategies focusing exclusively on the identification and treatment of depression need to be reconsidered. In addition to this, other mental disorders should be targeted, in particular alcohol-use disorders and schizophrenia. More emphasis should also be placed on psychosocial and environmental interventions diminishing and counteracting stress.
Validation of the French Version of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST)
In: European addiction research, Band 17, Heft 4, S. 190-197
ISSN: 1421-9891
<i>Background:</i> The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was developed to detect substance use disorders. <i>Aims:</i> The objective of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the French version of ASSIST in various clinical groups with different levels of substance use. <i>Methods:</i> 150 subjects were recruited from clients attending primary health care, psychiatric and addiction treatment facilities. Measures included ASSIST, Addiction Severity Index (ASI), Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-Plus), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Revised Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire-Smoking (RTQ). <i>Results and Conclusion:</i> Concurrent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between ASSIST scores and scores from ASI, AUDIT and RTQ, as well as significantly greater ASSIST scores for patients with a MINI-Plus diagnosis of abuse or dependence. The ASSIST questionnaire was found to have high internal consistency for the total substance involvement as well as for specific substance involvement as assessed with Cronbach's α, ranging from 0.74 to 0.93. When possibly computed, ASSIST cutoff scores have interesting sensitivity and specificity for discrimination between use and abuse and between abuse and dependence. The findings demonstrated that the French version of ASSIST is a valid screening test for identifying substance use disorders in various health care settings, including psychiatric settings.
Repetition of Suicide Attempts: Data from Emergency Care Settings in Five Culturally Different Low- and Middle-Income Countries Participating in the WHO SUPRE-MISS Study
In: Crisis: the journal of crisis intervention and suicide prevention, Band 31, Heft 4, S. 194-201
ISSN: 2151-2396
Evidence-based guidelines for mental, neurological, and substance use disorders in low- and middle-income countries: Summary of WHO recommendations
Funding for the mhGAP Programme, under which the work reported in this manuscript was done, was provided by the following: American Psychiatric Foundation, USA; Association of Aichi Psychiatric Hospitals, Japan; Autism Speaks, USA; CBM; Government of Italy; Government of Japan; Government of The Netherlands; International Bureau for Epilepsy; International League Against Epilepsy; Medical Research Council, UK; National Institute of Mental Health, USA; Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada; Rockefeller Foundation, USA; Shirley Foundation, UK; Syngenta, Switzerland; United Nations Population Fund;World Psychiatric Association
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