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Abstract In recent years, food insecurity has worsened despite decades of progress. Agrifood systems must evolve to address population expansion and climate change simultaneously. A problem of this magnitude necessitates the development of technologies that simultaneously increase (nutritious) food production and protect the environment. Based on an a diagram analysis of the economic model of technological change, this article explores various technological paths that can emerge in response to rising food prices and the need to preserve land. This article indicates, through the use of specialized literature, that the hypotheses derived from the analysis of the technological change model already exist. In addition, we investigate the potential geopolitical effects of these technological shifts on the global agri-food industry. Changes aimed at conserving land must encourage urban food production, systematic resource optimization on abundant high-quality land, and regenerative practices. In addition to rising food prices and population growth, the increasing significance of urban consumers and the internalization of environmental values should drive these various developments.

En esta investigación se presentan los principales resultados de una encuesta que caracteriza los atributos clave (propiedad, operación, relación, etétera) de las tiendas de alimentos en la Región Metropolitana de Río de Janeiro. Las informaciones recogidas muestran que las tiendas de alimentos pueden ser obsoletas e ineficientes. Pero no dejan de ser un elemento importante de la vida local en las periferias de las grandes ciudades. Se concluyó que las funciones y servicios proporcionados por las tiendas de alimentos merecen políticas diseñadas para mejorar sus capacidades organizativas y su acceso a las instituciones.

Este artículo analiza la formulación de dos políticas de seguridad alimentaria en Brasil –el Programa de Adquisición de Alimentos (PAA) y el Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar (PNAE)– haciendo hincapié en el papel de las ideas, los intereses y las instituciones. El establecimiento del PAA se remonta a 2003, un período caracterizado por la formulación de la política de Fome Zero (Hambre Cero), una acción pública que fue la abanderada de la política contra la pobreza del primer gobierno de Luiz Inácio «Lula» da Silva. Este programa tiene como objetivo promover la seguridad alimentaria por medio de la oferta de alimentos de la agricultura familiar. Las ideas, los actores y las instituciones que han dado forma al PAA fueron también la base para la reformulación de la PNAE. En este sentido, este artículo proporciona no sólo un análisis de dos políticas que son objeto de la transferencia a otros países (América Latina y África), sino también un «retrato» –limitado, pero informativo– de un período de la historia política de Brasil. ; This article analyzes the formulation of two food security policies –the Food Acquisition Program (AAP) and the National School Food Program (NEAP)– emphasizing the role of ideas, interests and institutions. The establishment of AAP dates back to the 2003, a period characterized by the implementation of the policy Fome Zero (Zero Hunger), a public action which was the flagship of Luiz Inácio «Lula» da Silva first mandate policies to fight poverty. This program aims to promote food security based on family farm supply. These ideas, the actors and the institutions that have shaped this policies were also the basis for the reformulation of the NEAP. In this sense, this article provides not only an analysis of two policies that are the object of transfer to other countries (Latin America and Africa), but also a «portrait» –limited, but informative– of a political juncture of Brazilian history.

This article analyzes the formulation of two food security policies –the Food Acquisition Program (aap) and the National School Food Program (neap)– emphasizing the role of ideas, interests and institutions. The establishment of aap dates back to the 2003, a period characterized by the implementation of the policy Fome Zero (Zero Hunger), a public action which was the flagship of Luiz Inácio «Lula» da Silva first mandate policies to fight poverty. This program aims to promote food security based on family farm supply. These ideas, the actors and the institutions that have shaped this policies were also the basis for the reformulation of the neap. In this sense, this article provides not only an analysis of two policies that are the object of transfer to other countries (Latin America and Africa), but also a «portrait» –limited, but informative– of a political juncture of Brazilian history./n ; Este artículo analiza la formulación de dos políticas de seguridad alimentaria en Brasil – el Programa de Adquisición de Alimentos (PAA) y el Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar (PNAE) - haciendo hincapié el papel de las ideas, los intereses y las instituciones. El establecimiento del PAA remonta 2003, un período caracterizado por la formulacion de la política de Fome Zero (Hambre Cero), una acción pública que fue el abanderado de la política contra la pobreza del primer gobierno de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Este programa tiene como objetivo promover la seguridad alimentaria por medio de la oferta de alimentos de la agricultura familiar. Las ideas, actores y instituciones que les han dado forma a el PAA fueron también la base para la reformulación de la NEAP. En este sentido, este artículo proporciona no sólo un análisis de dos políticas que son el objeto de la transferencia a otros países (América Latina y África), sino también un "retrato" - limitado, pero informativo – de un período de historia política de Brasil

Abstract This article analyses the determining factors affecting the land market in Brazil in an international context where the availability of natural resources, essential to satisfy the population worldwide, is again heading the agenda. This scenario provoked a rapid expansion of agribusiness and enhanced international participation based on the relative abundance of natural resources. The first part of this article presents the spatial dynamics surrounding the production of commodities and gives evidence of the sharp increase in land price in Brazil. The second part attempts to understand the factors that affect price dynamics and subsequent effects over capital allocation in the sector, addressing the impact of the recent boom of commodities and rising interest by foreign actors in Brazilian land. The conclusion elaborates on the possible land pricing developments and political unfolding.

This article presents the research on the agenda formation process of the Income Transfer Programs (PTR) in the countries of the Southern Cone of America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. The objective was to know which were the main institutions, social policies, actors and critical junctures that influenced the entry into the governmental agenda of the PTR in these nations. The approaches to agenda formation and historical institutionalism with their concepts of path dependence and critical junctures were used as a theoretical reference, because they allow a comparative study of public policies. It is a hermeneutic investigation, documentary, descriptive, analytical and comparative. It is a case study whose units of analysis are the PTR in the countries of the Southern Cone of America. The temporality defined was the first decade of the 21st century, because in that period those programs were implemented and with very important results. The results of the investigation show the elements and particularities of the processes in each nation.Keywords: social policies; PTR; agenda formation, historical institutionalism.
CIJANES, Felipe José Luna; FLEXOR, Georges Gérard. Formación de Agenda de los Programas de Trasferencia de Renta en los países del Cono Sur de América. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura,v. 26, n. 3, p. 584-607, out. 2018.Submitted in july 2018.Accepted in august 2018.

Resumo Este artigo trata dos impactos da Covid-19 na renda da população da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. A análise dos dados da aplicação de um web-survey confirma as hipóteses apontadas na literatura internacional no que diz respeito ao papel da pandemia de Covid-19 no agravamento de desigualdades sociais preexistentes. Além disso, o artigo informa que as desigualdades ocorrem nas áreas periféricas da metrópole fluminense, nas quais os impactos negativos são comparativamente muito superiores aos de outras áreas. A segurança econômica tornou-se mais desigual adiante da pandemia de Covid-19, quando comparados o lugar de moradia, a cor e o gênero dos habitantes.

Resumo Este artigo trata dos impactos da Covid-19 na renda da população da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. A análise dos dados da aplicação de um web-survey confirma as hipóteses apontadas na literatura internacional no que diz respeito ao papel da pandemia de Covid-19 no agravamento de desigualdades sociais preexistentes. Além disso, o artigo informa que as desigualdades ocorrem nas áreas periféricas da metrópole fluminense, nas quais os impactos negativos são comparativamente muito superiores aos de outras áreas. A segurança econômica tornou-se mais desigual adiante da pandemia de Covid-19, quando comparados o lugar de moradia, a cor e o gênero dos habitantes.