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This volume presents a bio-economic modeling approach designed to deal with natural resource issues from an economic perspective. The method itself is the result of two prominent developments: improved bio-physical simulation models applied to agricultural systems, and the evolution of agricultural assessment.

Vol. 1: Brazil, Chile, Mexico. - XIII,254 S., Tab. - ISBN 0-8229-1144-2; Vol. 2: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela. - XVIII,373 S., Tab. - ISBN 0-8229-1158-2

National audience ; The effects of the cap reform on french crop-livestock farms. Technical changes and regional specialisation With the help of a plant growth simulator and of a risk constrained linear programming farm model, an « engineer production function » is designed to represent the consequences of the Me Sharry reform upon farm incomes and environmental issues. The model, dynamic and recursive according to Day's definition, is applied to many situations representative of the main French grain producing regions, including those raising cattle. Despite the vast variety of situations, overall, the reform seems to meet its objectives of extensification, and income equalisation. Yet, changes in the farmers' perception of risks could modify this conclusion. ; Une« fonction de production d'ingénieur », qui fait appel à la fois à un simulateur de croissance de plantes et à de la programmation linéaire sous contrainte de risque, est utilisée pour analyser les conséquences de la réforme « Me Sharry » sur les revenus et sur l'environnement, dans une grande variété de types d'exploitations de « grandes cultures » (dont certaines avec élevage), à travers toute la France. Le modèle est dynamique et récursif au sens de Day. Malgré la grande diversité des situations, la réforme, dans l'ensemble, semble devoir atteindre les objectifs qui étaient les siens, avec une tendance à l'extensification et au rééquilibrage entre les régions. Cependant, l'incertitude majeure, susceptible de remettre en cause ces résultats, reste la perception des risques encourus par les agriculteurs.

National audience ; The effects of the cap reform on french crop-livestock farms. Technical changes and regional specialisation With the help of a plant growth simulator and of a risk constrained linear programming farm model, an « engineer production function » is designed to represent the consequences of the Me Sharry reform upon farm incomes and environmental issues. The model, dynamic and recursive according to Day's definition, is applied to many situations representative of the main French grain producing regions, including those raising cattle. Despite the vast variety of situations, overall, the reform seems to meet its objectives of extensification, and income equalisation. Yet, changes in the farmers' perception of risks could modify this conclusion. ; Une« fonction de production d'ingénieur », qui fait appel à la fois à un simulateur de croissance de plantes et à de la programmation linéaire sous contrainte de risque, est utilisée pour analyser les conséquences de la réforme « Me Sharry » sur les revenus et sur l'environnement, dans une grande variété de types d'exploitations de « grandes cultures » (dont certaines avec élevage), à travers toute la France. Le modèle est dynamique et récursif au sens de Day. Malgré la grande diversité des situations, la réforme, dans l'ensemble, semble devoir atteindre les objectifs qui étaient les siens, avec une tendance à l'extensification et au rééquilibrage entre les régions. Cependant, l'incertitude majeure, susceptible de remettre en cause ces résultats, reste la perception des risques encourus par les agriculteurs.

Une« fonction de production d'ingénieur », qui fait appel à la fois à un simulateur de croissance de plantes et à de la programmation linéaire sous contrainte de risque, est utilisée pour analyser les conséquences de la réforme « Me Sharry » sur les revenus et sur l'environnement, dans une grande variété de types d'exploitations de « grandes cultures » (dont certaines avec élevage), à travers toute la France. Le modèle est dynamique et récursif au sens de Day. Malgré la grande diversité des situations, la réforme, dans l'ensemble, semble devoir atteindre les objectifs qui étaient les siens, avec une tendance à l'extensification et au rééquilibrage entre les régions. Cependant, l'incertitude majeure, susceptible de remettre en cause ces résultats, reste la perception des risques encourus par les agriculteurs. ; The effects of the cap reform on french crop-livestock farms. Technical changes and regional specialisation With the help of a plant growth simulator and of a risk constrained linear programming farm model, an « engineer production function » is designed to represent the consequences of the Me Sharry reform upon farm incomes and environmental issues. The model, dynamic and recursive according to Day's definition, is applied to many situations representative of the main French grain producing regions, including those raising cattle. Despite the vast variety of situations, overall, the reform seems to meet its objectives of extensification, and income equalisation. Yet, changes in the farmers' perception of risks could modify this conclusion.

National audience ; The effects of the cap reform on french crop-livestock farms. Technical changes and regional specialisation With the help of a plant growth simulator and of a risk constrained linear programming farm model, an « engineer production function » is designed to represent the consequences of the Me Sharry reform upon farm incomes and environmental issues. The model, dynamic and recursive according to Day's definition, is applied to many situations representative of the main French grain producing regions, including those raising cattle. Despite the vast variety of situations, overall, the reform seems to meet its objectives of extensification, and income equalisation. Yet, changes in the farmers' perception of risks could modify this conclusion. ; Une« fonction de production d'ingénieur », qui fait appel à la fois à un simulateur de croissance de plantes et à de la programmation linéaire sous contrainte de risque, est utilisée pour analyser les conséquences de la réforme « Me Sharry » sur les revenus et sur l'environnement, dans une grande variété de types d'exploitations de « grandes cultures » (dont certaines avec élevage), à travers toute la France. Le modèle est dynamique et récursif au sens de Day. Malgré la grande diversité des situations, la réforme, dans l'ensemble, semble devoir atteindre les objectifs qui étaient les siens, avec une tendance à l'extensification et au rééquilibrage entre les régions. Cependant, l'incertitude majeure, susceptible de remettre en cause ces résultats, reste la perception des risques encourus par les agriculteurs.

International audience ; This simulation study explored the agricultural household effects of changes in the price of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer for farmers in central Malawi. We selected the Dedza district to conduct this study, which is a district reliant on maize production for household livelihoods. This study used data from a household survey to develop and calibrate an agricultural household model for a representative household. The survey focused on socio-economic and agronomic factors. This included plot-level agronomic details for crop inputs and yields. Using our dynamic model, we found a negative association between fertilizer prices and fertilizer use, maize area, and income. Removing fertilizer prices led to an increased use of nitrogen fertilizer at the household scale from 16.8 kg to 49.6 kg and this helped increase household income by 52%. We calculated an average own-price elasticity of fertilizer demand of − 0.92. Although higher fertilizer prices increased legume acreage, which had potential environmental benefits, household income fell. Our benefit-cost ratio calculations suggest that government actions that deliver changes in fertilizer prices are relatively cost effective. Our study highlights the reliance of households on maize production and consumption for their livelihood, and the effects that changes in fertilizer prices can have upon them.

International audience ; This simulation study explored the agricultural household effects of changes in the price of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer for farmers in central Malawi. We selected the Dedza district to conduct this study, which is a district reliant on maize production for household livelihoods. This study used data from a household survey to develop and calibrate an agricultural household model for a representative household. The survey focused on socio-economic and agronomic factors. This included plot-level agronomic details for crop inputs and yields. Using our dynamic model, we found a negative association between fertilizer prices and fertilizer use, maize area, and income. Removing fertilizer prices led to an increased use of nitrogen fertilizer at the household scale from 16.8 kg to 49.6 kg and this helped increase household income by 52%. We calculated an average own-price elasticity of fertilizer demand of − 0.92. Although higher fertilizer prices increased legume acreage, which had potential environmental benefits, household income fell. Our benefit-cost ratio calculations suggest that government actions that deliver changes in fertilizer prices are relatively cost effective. Our study highlights the reliance of households on maize production and consumption for their livelihood, and the effects that changes in fertilizer prices can have upon them.

International audience ; This simulation study explored the agricultural household effects of changes in the price of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer for farmers in central Malawi. We selected the Dedza district to conduct this study, which is a district reliant on maize production for household livelihoods. This study used data from a household survey to develop and calibrate an agricultural household model for a representative household. The survey focused on socio-economic and agronomic factors. This included plot-level agronomic details for crop inputs and yields. Using our dynamic model, we found a negative association between fertilizer prices and fertilizer use, maize area, and income. Removing fertilizer prices led to an increased use of nitrogen fertilizer at the household scale from 16.8 kg to 49.6 kg and this helped increase household income by 52%. We calculated an average own-price elasticity of fertilizer demand of − 0.92. Although higher fertilizer prices increased legume acreage, which had potential environmental benefits, household income fell. Our benefit-cost ratio calculations suggest that government actions that deliver changes in fertilizer prices are relatively cost effective. Our study highlights the reliance of households on maize production and consumption for their livelihood, and the effects that changes in fertilizer prices can have upon them.

This simulation study explored the agricultural household effects of changes in the price of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer for farmers in central Malawi. We selected the Dedza district to conduct this study, which is a district reliant on maize production for household livelihoods. This study used data from a household survey to develop and calibrate an agricultural household model for a representative household. The survey focused on socio-economic and agronomic factors. This included plot-level agronomic details for crop inputs and yields. Using our dynamic model, we found a negative association between fertilizer prices and fertilizer use, maize area, and income. Removing fertilizer prices led to an increased use of nitrogen fertilizer at the household scale from 16.8 kg to 49.6 kg and this helped increase household income by 52%. We calculated an average own-price elasticity of fertilizer demand of − 0.92. Although higher fertilizer prices increased legume acreage, which had potential environmental benefits, household income fell. Our benefit-cost ratio calculations suggest that government actions that deliver changes in fertilizer prices are relatively cost effective. Our study highlights the reliance of households on maize production and consumption for their livelihood, and the effects that changes in fertilizer prices can have upon them.