The nutrient use in forages livestock system production high Andean is little used. This study evaluated the response of fertilization on the association of cultivated grasses in dry of Dactilys (Dactylis glomerata var. Potomac) and red clover (Trifolium pratense var quiñequeli). The study area was located at 4350 m of altitude in to the Puna ecoregion in Ayaracra sector, Pasco region of Peru. The experimental design was randomized complete block with factorial 2x3x2; with two levels of nitrogen (0 to 50 kg/ha), three levels of phosphorus (0, 80 to 160 kg/ha) and two levels of potassium (0 to 30 kg/ha). Was evaluated were floristic composition, growth rate and pasture production. The results indicate that fertilization nitrogen (50 kg/ha) and phosphorus (80 kg/ha) showed effect a significant the growth rate and forage production. There was not an effect potassium fertilization on the variables evaluated. The analysis of the interactions indicates that the combination of N 50, P 80 and K 0 showed gave better results in forage production than the other treatments.
La educación –en sus distintas vertientes- está en constante transformación, impulsada por factores diversos que modifican los contextos sociales, laborales, económicos, políticos, tecnológicos y culturales de manera vertiginosa, generando fuertes demandas de innovación y creatividad para atender las necesidades que de dichos cambios se derivan. En este entorno, las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas a la educción facilitan el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, ampliando la diversidad y las posibilidades de diseño, creación y distribución de distintos objetos de aprendizaje dirigidos a infinidad de audiencias, permitiendo que las empresas especializadas en la creación de cursos se desarrollen y la oferta se desborde en un ámbito cada vez más competido. En este contexto, la creatividad se vuelve un valor esencial y no siempre fácil de lograr. El presente trabajo propone un modelo en donde la empatía cognitiva constituye el núcleo del proceso creativo de diseño instruccional. El Diseño Instruccional centrado en la Empatía (DIcE) dota de valor esencial al conocimiento y al entendimiento de los motivos que impulsan a las personas a aprender –sin importar si éstos son inicialmente intrínsecos o externos- y a la comprensión de la manera en que dichas personas quieren aprender y desarrollarse, más que en el la tecnología y los contenidos por sí solos. En otras palabras, sostiene que todo curso y recurso deben conceptualizarse desde la forma individual que el usuario tiene de comprender y experimentar su mundo, cómo lo percibe, cómo lo siente y cómo lo interpreta, más allá de simples datos demográficos. De esta manera, el DIcE obliga también a fortalecer las metodologías de evaluación de la experiencia del usuario, y a partir de ello de la calidad del producto final, alimentando un ciclo de mejora continua que a su vez crea conocimiento útil en distintas ramas, aunque la principal beneficiada es, evidentemente, la educación. ; Education –on their different modalities- is in constant transformation, driven by diverse factors that modifies the social, working, economic, political, technological and cultural contexts in a vertiginous way. These transformations create new demands of innovation and creativity in order to attend the needs related. In this context, new technologies applied to education facilitate the learning process, increasing the diversity and possibilities of design, creation and distribution of a wide variety of learning objects addressed to the most divers audiences. This is enhancing specialized organizations to create and develop courses and learning resources, causing the offer to overflow the market and creating a much more competitive environment. In the middle of these environment, creativity rises like an essential value that is not always easy to find. The present paper is a proposal of a model or paradigm in which cognitive' empathy is the centre of the creative process of instructional design. From this perspective, deep knowledge and comprehension of student' motivation for learning and the way they want to learn and develop is essential and more important than technologies and content by itself. In other words, Empathy' centred Instructional Design (DIcE by its initials in Spanish) suggest that all courses and educational resources should be conceptualized based on the way in which users comprehend and experience their world, how they perceive it, how they sense it and how do they perform. This requires a more complete panorama than simply demographic data. Such said, DIcE enhance user' experience evaluation as well as product quality, feeding a continuous improvement cycle in the production of learning resources.
La posición teórica de la autora integra la compasión y confianza como pilares esenciales de la moralidad, y al mismo tiempo, sostiene la centralidad de la idea liberal del ser individual, en el sentido kantiano de la dignidad de la persona. Valores como la compasión y la confianza son esenciales para la Globalización ya que proveen el contexto indispensable para que muchos grupos humanos interactúen con diferentes visiones del mundo. Tanto la compasión como la confianza están basadas en los aspectos esenciales de la vida moral. No obstante, estos dos principios de nuestra moralidad han sido sistemáticamente omitidos por importantes obras de la teoría política contemporánea. La tradición liberal contemporánea (Will Kymlicka, John Rawls, Jürgen Habermas) no incluye a estos valores como parte relevante de la teoría que busca construir un cuadro completo y humano de una sociedad bien ordenada y justa. Este trabajo también constituye una crítica de la Modernidad en como ésta relega al ámbito de lo privado, los esfuerzos para crear un entorno para que las personas puedan crecer como adultos compasivos. ; The author's theoretical position integrates trust and compassion as essential pillars of morality, while at the same time upholds the centrality of the liberal ideal of the individual self, the dignity of the individual person in the Kantian sense. Values like compassion and trust are essential for Globalization since they provide the background for several human groups interaction with different worldviews. Both compassion and trust are based on placing value on others —even distant and unknown others— and both are essential aspects of our moral life. Nevertheless, these two aspects of our morality have been systematically neglected by important works of contemporary political theory. Liberal tradition in contemporary debate (Will Kymlicka, John Rawls, Jürgen Habermas) does not include this values as relevant part of theory that intends to construct a complete and humane picture of a well ordered and just society. This work also constitutes a critique of Modernity in how it relegates to the private realm the efforts to create an environment that allows people to grow up as compassionate adults.
While the CoCrMo biomaterial is currently employed in artificial joints, there are medical concerns regarding its metal ion release and material loss caused by tribocorrosion. In this work, a TiAlVCN/CNx multilayer coating has been employed to improve the tribocorrosion-resistance of the CoCrMo substrate. During the tribocorrosion test, with the sample immersed in a simulated body fluid containing bovine serum albumin, open-circuit potential measurements showed more noble potential as well as a reduction of both the friction coefficient and wear-rate during the sliding phase. Inductive coupled plasma results demonstrate that the multilayer coating effectively blocked the emigration of metallic ions. ; Funding Agencies|CONACYT [FOMIX Jal-2010-10-149472]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]; Tecnologico de Monterrey research seed fund
Abstract. In the XIX century when Mexico City was much smaller than at present, there was non-regulated mining of building materials in a region of tuffs northwest of the city in an inhabited countryside. With the growth of the city during the XX century, this region was increasingly populated and in the 1970's many two-level bricks houses were built, without regard for underground caves created by the earlier extractions. Some ground sinkings in adjacent areas alarmed the residents who now are worried about this permanent hazard. An association of residents contracted a private company for a geophysical study in order to know the distribution of the caves. Resistivity measurements were taken in the area to detect the caves in order to alert city authorities. Resistivity data along most of the streets were collected with the array pole-dipole that consisted of three grounded electrodes. We performed 2-D dimensional inversions to the data in order to get a 2-D resistivity image of every street. This is similar to a resistivity cross-section of the ground but obtained from the inversion of pole-dipole and Schlumberger resistivity data simultaneously. Using the information of previous drills we modified our programming code in order to perform constrained inversion and to get more accurate resistivity models in agreement with the drills. From the resistivity models obtained for every street it was possible to produce a map which shows the horizontal distribution of the resistive bodies at a depth of 12m. These resistive bodies show coherent alignments that seem to correspond with a distributions of interconnected caves or tunnels used for extracting the sandy-tuffs. From these kind of interpretation method it was intended to get a more accurate horizontal distribution of the excavated areas in order to better know the urbanized area affected and lead the authorities to remedy the area with refill material.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the processes and outcomes of tobacco litigation in Argentina and to analyse the strategies of the tobacco industry to oppose litigation using tobacco industry documents. METHODS: A systematic search of tobacco industry documents on the internet dating from 1978 to 2002. Law library searches using Argentinean official and unofficial reports systems were combined with computerised online searches. RESULTS: There have been at least 15 failed litigation cases in Argentina and the tobacco industry presented a concerted defence in every claim regardless of cost. We categorised 11 cases as product liability and nicotine addiction, two as health care reimbursement, and two as criminal law and secondhand smoke. Industry strategies included hiring legal consultants from prestigious international and Argentinean law firms and developing litigation prevention programmes. Industry monitored legal academic meetings, controlled the development of new product liability legislation, obtained favourable opinions from experts, and closely observed the development of litigation in Argentina. CONCLUSION: The strategies used by the industry have been successful in preventing recovery for tobacco injuries through litigation. Argentinean health advocates and lawyers need to be aware of the roles and strategies of the tobacco industry in order to develop effective litigation in Argentina.
It is known that a hierarchical configuration helps to improve adhesion to the substrate and reduce the effects that generate a sharp change in a conventional multilayer coating, like interface stresses. We present a study of the mechanical properties and tribological behavior at the micro and macro scale of WC/WCN/W multilayer coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering, combining soft and hard layers with a hierarchical architecture. Variations in the number of layers and thicknesses, as well as the distribution within the coating are determinant to obtain the adequate mechanical properties in order to reduce the wear rate. It was found that the coating with high hierarchical configuration presented lower wear rates, in comparison to single layer and low hierarchical configuration coatings. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ; Funding Agencies|CONACYT-CDTI [189207]; CONACYT (REDISYT) [254790]; CONACYT [297914/225114, CB-2012-01#179304, 166286]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University [2009-00971]; SSF frame program FUNCASE Functional Carbides and Advanced Surface Engineering; LIDTRA [123630]
The aim of this work is to analyse the mechanical and durability properties of Recycled Ultra High Performance Concretes (RUHPC) containing different amounts of recycled fine aggregate obtained from crushing Ultra High Performance Concretes (UHPC). This paper summarizes and compares the results from different experimental campaigns carried out in the framework of the ReSHEALience project (Rethinking coastal defence and Green-energy service infrastructures through enhanced-durAbiLity high-performance cement-based materials) which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme (GA 760824). Mechanical performance was evaluated by means of compressive and flexural tests, whereas durability was evaluated by means of chloride penetration, chloride migration and water absorption capillary tests. The results indicated that replacing 50% or 100% of natural aggregates with recycled aggregates did not significantly affect neither compressive strength nor flexural strength. In the case of high replacement rates, a slight decrease in workability was detected, but the mix retained its self-compacting properties. RUHPC had similar durability performance as UHPC. In conclusion, the results have shown that it is feasible to produce RUHPC; the recycled fine aggregate has shown great potential to be used in the production of new UHPC. Scalability of the recycling procedure to industrial level was also addressed in order to pave the way towards the uptake from the different value chain actors of the construction industry of the innovation potential demonstrated by the research.
Albert Einstein's assertion that we cannot solve our problems with the same thinking that we used to create them has never been truer than it is today as the world grapples with the global health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic. In July 2019, representatives from 142 countries gathered for the High-Level Political Forum for Sustainable Development (HLPF) to review progress towards the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and to identify areas in urgent need of attention. Progress towards achieving the Agenda's sustainable development goals (SDGs) had been uneven prior to the pandemic, but its outbreak abruptly disrupted implementation towards many of these goals and, in some cases, reversed decades of progress. The crisis has affected every segment of society and has rocked economies around the world. Unsurprisingly, it is the poorest and most vulnerable populations that will suffer the most. The pandemic has exposed harsh and profound inequalities in societies and is further exacerbating disparities within and between countries. Although the SDGs are broad global goals, their implementation is rooted in action at the local level. The authors of this publication collectively represent the Global South and their expertise touches on some of the key challenges facing us today: water and sanitation (SDG 6), biodiversity (SDG 15), energy (SDG 7), economics (SDG 8), poverty (SDG 1), inequality (SDG 10), urban sustainability (SDG 11), climate action (SDG 13) and more. The challenges presented by the pandemic are without precedent in our lifetimes. Robbed of our equilibrium, we decided to focus our thoughts on achieving a deeper understanding of the implications of this crisis for sustainable development, climate protection, and our respective areas of focus. This led us to consider how we could work together and help to forge pathways towards a more sustainable and equitable world. ; Albert Einsteins Erkenntnis, dass man Probleme niemals mit derselben Denkweise lösen kann, durch die sie entstanden sind, war nie wahrer als heute, da die Welt mit der globalen Gesundheitskrise der Covid-19-Pandemie zu kämpfen hat. Im Juli 2019 versammelten sich Vertreterinnen und Vertreter von 142 Ländern beim Hochrangigen Politischen Forum für Nachhaltige Entwicklung (HLPF), um die Fortschritte bei der Umsetzung der Agenda 2030 für Nachhaltige Entwicklung der Vereinten Nationen zu überprüfen und Bereiche zu identifizieren, die dringend der Aufmerksamkeit bedürfen. Die Fortschritte bei der Erreichung der UN-Nachhaltigkeitsziele (SDGs) waren schon vor der Pandemie uneinheitlich, aber der Ausbruch der Pandemie hat die Umsetzung vieler dieser Ziele abrupt unterbrochen und in einigen Fällen Jahrzehnte des Fortschritts rückgängig gemacht. Die Krise hat alle Bereiche der Gesellschaft erfasst und Volkswirtschaften auf der ganzen Welt erschüttert. Es überrascht nicht, dass die ärmsten und verletzlichsten Bevölkerungsgruppen am meisten leiden. Die Pandemie hat tiefgreifende gesellschaftliche Ungleichheiten offengelegt und verschärft die Unterschiede innerhalb von und zwischen den Ländern weiter. Obwohl es sich bei den SDGs um breit angelegte globale Ziele handelt, findet ihre Umsetzung ganz wesentlich auf lokaler Ebene statt. Die Autorinnen und Autoren dieser Publikation repräsentieren gemeinsam den Globalen Süden und bringen Fachwissen zu einigen der wichtigsten Herausforderungen mit, vor denen wir heute stehen: Wasser und Sanitäreinrichtungen (SDG 6), Biodiversität (SDG 15), Energie (SDG 7), Wirtschaft (SDG 8), Armut (SDG 1), Ungleichheit (SDG 10), nachhaltige Städte und Gemeinden (SDG 11), Klimaschutz (SDG 13) und mehr. Die Herausforderungen, die die Pandemie mit sich bringt, sind zu unseren Lebzeiten ohne Beispiel. Als die Welt aus den Fugen geriet, beschlossen die Autorinnen und Autoren dieser Publikation, ein tieferes Verständnis für die Auswirkungen dieser Krise auf die nachhaltige Entwicklung, den Klimaschutz und unsere jeweiligen Forschungsschwerpunkte zu erlangen. Sie überlegten, wie sie zusammenarbeiten und dazu beitragen können, Wege zu einer nachhaltigeren und gerechteren Welt zu entdecken.
11 pags., 9 figs., 3 tabs. -- Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 4.0 ; We report on the development and characterization of the first radioactive boron beams produced by the isotope mass separation online (ISOL) technique at CERN-ISOLDE. Despite the long history of the ISOL technique which exploits thick targets, boron beams have up to now not been available. This is due to the low volatility of elemental boron and its high chemical reactivity which make the definition of an appropriate production target unit difficult. In addition, the short half-lives of all boron radioisotopes complicate tracer release studies. We report here on dedicated offline release studies by neutron capture and alpha detection done with implanted B in prospective target materials, as well as molecule formation and ionization tests, which suggested the use of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) as target material and injection of sulfur hexafluoride SF to promote volatile boron fluoride formation. Two target units equipped with an arc discharge electron impact ion source VADIS coupled to a water cooled transfer line to retain non-volatile elements and molecules were subsequently tested online. The measured yield of these first B ISOL beams increases in the series BF < BF < B < BF , reaching a maximum yield of 6. 4 × 10 BF ions per μC of protons. ; This work has been partly supported by the Spanish CICYT through projects, FPA2015-64969-P, and by the European Union by means of the European Commission within its Seventh Framework Program (FP7) via ENSAR (Contract No. 262010). Further, this project has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 654002. One of the authors, CS, acknowledges support by the German BMBF via the Gentner program and his local project 05P12RDCIA.
