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This paper examines the efficacy of a statelessness reduction plan implemented by the country of Chile. We evaluate the programmatic alignment of Chile's statelessness reduction plan, #Chilereconoce , with policy enacted by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in that office's campaign to eradicate statelessness by the year 2024. In addition to evaluating the structure of Chile's statelessness reduction plan, we explore the policy outcomes of this plan in achieving its desired goal of reducing statelessness in Chile. We use Chile as a case study because it implemented the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees' 2014-2024 Action Plan and, therefore, can shed light on if such a plan can put a nation-state on the path to remedy the deleterious effects of statelessness. Our central argument is that Chile's statelessness reduction plan can, in-fact, serve as a blueprint for governmental institutions to follow towards achieving the goal of reducing statelessness. The success of such a plan, however, is conditioned upon whether principle actors within governmental institutions confront, head on, structural challenges that otherwise tend to undermine the merging of a confluence of critical factors that must be aligned for success to occur. The Chilean project demonstrates that reducing statelessness requires community action, implementation of domestic legislative reform, and governmental accession to international treaties. ; Este artículo examina la eficacia del plan de reducción de la apatridia implementado en Chile. Evaluamos el alineamiento programático del plan #Chilereconoce con las políticas promulgadas por la oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados en su campaña para erradicar la apatridia en el año 2024. Además de evaluar la estructura del plan de Chile para la reducción de la apatridia, exploramos los resultados de las políticas de este plan para alcanzar el objetivo deseado, esto es, la reducción de la apatridia en Chile. Elegimos el caso de Chile porque su gobierno ha implementado el Plan de Acción 2014-2024 del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados y, por lo tanto, puede arrojar luz sobre si este plan puede poner a una Estado nación en vías de remediar los efectos nocivos de la apatridia. Nuestro argumento central es que el plan de reducción de la apatridia de Chile puede, de hecho, servir como hoja de ruta a seguir por instituciones gubernamentales para conseguir reducir la apatridia. El éxito de este plan, sin embargo, depende de que actores principales dentro de las instituciones gubernamentales se enfrenten directamente a desafíos estructurales que, de otra manera, tienden a socavar la confluencia de una serie de factores críticos que deben alinearse para que se produzca el éxito. El proyecto chileno demuestra que reducir la apatridia requiere acción por parte de la comunidad, implementación de reformas legislativas domésticas y la adhesión de los gobiernos a tratados internacionales. ; Filosofía

Cet submission analyse les photographies de presse des hommes et femmes député(e) s qui ont participé aux débats parlementaires sur l'interruption volontaire de grossesse (IVG) au Portugal en 1984, 1997 et 1998. L'analyse quantitative des photographies publiées dans plusieurs journaux portugais révèle une faible visibilité des femmes parlementaires par rapport à leurs collègues masculins : elles sont moins représentées ; leurs photos sont généralement associées à des événements parlementaires ; elles apparaissent rarement en dehors du Parlement, et le plus souvent dans des rôles secondaires. L'approche qualitative multimodale confirme cette sous-représentation féminine : il existe un décalage important entre la présence des femmes sur les images et le rôle que leur attribuent les légendes ; les cadrages sont plus serrés, elles sont présentées isolées et dans des situations aux scénarios plus ambigus que lorsqu'il s'agit de députés. Tout cela souligne la difficulté de l'autonomisation des femmes dans les sphères professionnelles tra- ditionnellement dominées par les hommes. En outre transparaît une tendance de la presse à maintenir des stéréotypes de genre selon des identités de genre hégémoniques dans les sociétés patriarcales, qui dissocient les femmes de l'espace public et des valeurs politiques. ; This submission analyses the photographs of female and male Members of Par- liament (MPs) taking part in the Portuguese parliamentary debates of 1984, 1997 and 1998 on the voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VIP). A quantitative analysis of photographs published in several Portuguese newspapers reveals a lower visibility of women MPs compared to men: women MPs are less pictured; their pictures are usually associated with parliamentary events; they barely appear in events outside Parliament, and their roles in the depicted actions are most often secondary. The multimodal qualitative approach confirms the under-representation of women: in the photographs of women MPs there ...

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. ; The telomerase protein is constitutively activated in malignant cells from many patients with cancer, including the chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but whether telomerase is essential for the pathogenesis of this disease is not known. Here, we used telomerase deficient mice to determine the requirement for telomerase in CML induced by BCR-ABL in mouse models of CML. Loss of one telomerase allele or complete deletion of telomerase prevented the development of leukemia induced by BCR-ABL. However, BCR-ABL was expressed and active in telomerase heterozygous and null leukemic hematopoietic stem cells. These results demonstrate that telomerase is essential for oncogene-induced reprogramming of hematopoietic stem cells in CML development and validate telomerase and the genes it regulates as targets for therapy in CML. ; Research in ISG group was partially supported by FEDER and by MICINN (SAF2009-08803 to ISG), by Junta de Castilla y León (REF. CSI007A11-2 and Proyecto Biomedicina 2009-2010), by MEC OncoBIO Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (Ref. CSD2007-0017), by NIH grant (R01 CA109335-04A1), by Sandra Ibarra Foundation, and the ARIMMORA project (FP7-ENV-2011, European Union Seventh Framework Program) and by Proyecto en Red de Investigación en Celulas Madre Tumorales en Cancer de Mama, supported by Obra Social Kutxa y Conserjería de Sanidad de la Junta de Castilla y Leon. All Spanish funding is co-sponsored by the European Union FEDER program. ISG is an API lab of the EuroSyStem project. ; Peer Reviewed

PMCID: PMC3545406.-- et al. ; The human germinal centre-associated lymphoma gene is specifically expressed in germinal centre B-lymphocytes and germinal centre-derived B-cell lymphomas, but its function is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that human germinal centre-associated lymphoma directly binds to Syk in B cells, increases its kinase activity on B-cell receptor stimulation and leads to enhanced activation of Syk downstream effectors. To further investigate these findings in vivo, human germinal centre-associated lymphoma transgenic mice were generated. Starting from 12 months of age these mice developed polyclonal B-cell lymphoid hyperplasia, hypergammaglobulinemia and systemic reactive amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, leading to shortened survival. The lymphoid hyperplasia in the human germinal centre-associated lymphoma transgenic mice are likely attributable to enhanced B-cell receptor signalling as shown by increased Syk phosphorylation, ex vivo B-cell proliferation and increased RhoA activation. Overall, our study shows for the first time that the germinal centre protein human germinal centre-associated lymphoma regulates B-cell receptor signalling in B-lymphocytes which, without appropriate control, may lead to B-cell lymphoproliferation. ; National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants NIH CA109335 and NIH CA122105; the Dwoskin Family Foundations; NIH P01 CA34233 FEDER and by MICINN (SAF2009-08803 and SAF2012-32810 to ISG); Junta de Castilla y León (REF. CSI007A11-2 and Proyecto Biomedicina 2009-2010); MEC OncoBIO Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (Ref. CSD2007-0017); Sandra Ibarra Foundation; Group of Excellence Grant (GR15) from Junta de Castilla y Leon; the ARIMMORA project (FP7-ENV-2011, European Union Seventh Framework Programme) ; Peer Reviewed

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoncommercialNo DerivativeWorks 3.0 Licence. ; Understanding the cellular origin of cancer can help to improve disease prevention and therapeutics. Human plasma cell neoplasias are thought to develop from either differentiated B cells or plasma cells. However, when the expression of Maf oncogenes (associated to human plasma cell neoplasias) is targeted to mouse B cells, the resulting animals fail to reproduce the human disease. Here, to explore early cellular changes that might take place in the development of plasma cell neoplasias, we engineered transgenic mice to express MafB in haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HS/PCs). Unexpectedly, we show that plasma cell neoplasias arise in the MafB-transgenic mice. Beyond their clinical resemblance to human disease, these neoplasias highly express genes that are known to be upregulated in human multiple myeloma. Moreover, gene expression profiling revealed that MafB-expressing HS/PCs were more similar to B cells and tumour plasma cells than to any other subset, including wild-type HS/PCs. Consistent with this, genome-scale DNA methylation profiling revealed that MafB imposes an epigenetic program in HS/PCs, and that this program is preserved in mature B cells of MafB-transgenic mice, demonstrating a novel molecular mechanism involved in tumour initiation. Our findings suggest that, mechanistically, the haematopoietic progenitor population can be the target for transformation in MafB-associated plasma cell neoplasias. © 2012 European Molecular Biology Organization | All Rights Reserved. ; MICINN (SAF2009-08803 to ISG); Junta de Castilla y León (REF. CSI007A11-2 and Proyecto Biomedicina 2009-2010 ); MEC OncoBIO Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (Ref. CSD2007-0017); Sandra Ibarra Foundation; Junta de Castilla y Leon; ARIMMORA project (FP7-ENV-2011, European Union Seventh Framework Program); Obra Social Kutxa; Conserjería de Sanidad de la Junta de Castilla y Leon ; Peer Reviewed