Suchergebnisse

Antibacterial therapy is still in many cases the only way to control bacterial disease outbreaks, with relevant economic issues. Nevertheless, this necessity should also be well balanced with other relevant aspects such as suitability, efficacy and refinement of the treatments but also with consumer and environmental welfare. With this aim, the literature pertaining to the use of antibacterials (i.e. oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, flumequine and potentiated sulphonamides) in Mediterranean farmed European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) was reviewed and addressed. Knowledge of drug pharmacokinetics along with the related legislation is also presented. The main criteria, technical aspects and constraints affecting the design of an appropriate antibacterial therapy are also discussed. An evaluation of available bibliography revealed the existence of considerable information on several registered antibacterials, while it is limited for others. Typically, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) have been used as a reference for antibacterial selection. However, the methodologies used for MIC assessment require refinement and more sophisticated data such as epidemiological cut‐off breakpoint values. Due to the characteristics of farming systems, antibacterials are mostly delivered through medicated feeds. The large number of production units and number of fish per unit, together with a limited timeframe margin for efficient therapy, makes Mediterranean gilthead seabream and European seabass, one of the best examples where the metaphylactic concept has to be considered in aquatic medicine. The information presented in this review should guide future action taken to fulfil research gaps and promote effective and prudent antibacterial practices.

This paper proposes a project - a local festival (Cal-Iter) of the Avellino's cheese industry - for local development that adopts a systemic approach which goes beyond a traditional place marketing approach. The approach followed in this contribution starts from a literature review of two different strands of study that have offered insights with regard to place management.Then, the proposed project is developed by means of Network Analysis, which supports the identification, analysis and description of relationships and roles of partners in the network.The analysis of the status quo found that the implementation of integrated projects require local participation of Cities (Submitting Subjects), Regional and Provincial Authorities (Co-ordinating Subjects), the Government and the EU (Regulating Subjects). Furthermore, the analysis of existing projects redefined the guidelines of Avellino's local development, by adopting a systemic approach. The proposed project may be an important factor both to support the "food and wine" tourism and to attract investments for the entire province of Avellino. Moreover, the consolidation of the "place identity" is further enhanced through the integration of "place communication", according to a systemic perspective (Siano et al., 2008). The study represents a first step in the planning of local networks for the enhancement of local areas. This has dual value: on the one hand, to stimulate tourism demand and on the other, to attract investments capable of generating further demand for goods/services in the area.KEY WORDS local development | local system, networks | festivals | "wine and food" tourism.