Suchergebnisse

The acclaimed writer Lu Xun spent the last decade of his life in Shanghai. Soon after arriving in 1927, he befriended Uchiyama Kanzō, owner of a bookstore specializing in Japanese writings. Examining their friendship, Joshua Fogel paints a captivating portrait of two men of very different temperaments, backgrounds, and political outlooks.

Presents the perceptions that the Chinese and the Japanese have of each other, and the information that helped to fuel those perceptions. There are two sections: China in Japan, debating the Asiatic Mode of Production and kyodotai; and Japan in China, covering the Manchurian Railway

After centuries of virtual isolation, during which time international sea travel was forbidden outside of Japan's immediate fishing shores, Japanese shogunal authorities in 1862 made the unprecedented decision to launch an official delegation to China by sea. Concerned by the fast-changing global environment, they had witnessed the ever-increasing number of incursions into Asia by European powers-not the least of which was Commodore Perry's arrival in Japan in 1853-54 and the forced opening of a handful of Japanese ports at the end of the decade. The Japanese reasoned that it was only a matter of time before they too encountered the same unfortunate fate as China; their hope was to learn from the Chinese experience and to keep foreign powers at bay. They dispatched the Senzaimaru to Shanghai with the purpose of investigating contemporary conditions of trade and diplomacy in the international city. Japanese from varied domains, as well as shogunal officials, Nagasaki merchants, and an assortment of deck hands, made the voyage along with a British crew, spending a total of ten weeks observing and interacting with the Chinese and with a handful of Westerners. Roughly a dozen Japanese narratives of the voyage were produced at the time, recounting personal impressions and experiences in Shanghai. The Japanese emissaries had the distinct advantage of being able to communicate with their Chinese hosts by means of the "brush conversation" (written exchanges in literary Chinese). For their part, the Chinese authorities also created a paper trail of reports and memorials concerning the Japanese visitors, which worked its way up and down the bureaucratic chain of command. This was the first official meeting of Chinese and Japanese in several centuries. Although the Chinese authorities agreed to few of the Japanese requests for trade relations and a consulate, nine years later China and Japan would sign the first bilateral treaty of amity in their history, a completely equal treaty. East Asia-and the diplomatic and trade relations between the region's two major players in the modern era-would never be the same

"After centuries of virtual isolation, during which time international sea travel was forbidden outside of Japan's immediate fishing shores, Japanese shogunal authorities in 1862 made the unprecedented decision to launch an official delegation to China by sea. Concerned by the fast-changing global environment, they had witnessed the ever-increasing number of incursions into Asia by European powers-not the least of which was Commodore Perry's arrival in Japan in 1853-54 and the forced opening of a handful of Japanese ports at the end of the decade. The Japanese reasoned that it was only a matter of time before they too encountered the same unfortunate fate as China; their hope was to learn from the Chinese experience and to keep foreign powers at bay. They dispatched the Senzaimaru to Shanghai with the purpose of investigating contemporary conditions of trade and diplomacy in the international city. Japanese from varied domains, as well as shogunal officials, Nagasaki merchants, and an assortment of deck hands, made the voyage along with a British crew, spending a total of ten weeks observing and interacting with the Chinese and with a handful of Westerners. Roughly a dozen Japanese narratives of the voyage were produced at the time, recounting personal impressions and experiences in Shanghai. The Japanese emissaries had the distinct advantage of being able to communicate with their Chinese hosts by means of the "brush conversation" (written exchanges in literary Chinese). For their part, the Chinese authorities also created a paper trail of reports and memorials concerning the Japanese visitors, which worked its way up and down the bureaucratic chain of command. This was the first official meeting of Chinese and Japanese in several centuries. Although the Chinese authorities agreed to few of the Japanese requests for trade relations and a consulate, nine years later China and Japan would sign the first bilateral treaty of amity in their history, a completely equal treaty. East Asia-and the diplomatic and trade relations between the region's two major players in the modern era-would never be the same"--

Preliminary Material -- Introduction: Historiography and the Biography of an Object -- 1. Wa-Han or Archipelago-Mainland Relations before 57 c.e. -- 2. The Material Object -- 3. Kamei Nanmei: "Politics Is Learning and Learning Is Politics" -- 4. Commentaries on the Gold Seal in the 1780s: Let a Hundred Schools of Thought Contend -- 5. Ascendancy of the "Ito no kuni" Reading from the Late Eighteenth Century -- 6. Revival of Interest in the Gold Seal in the Meiji Era and Miyake Yonekichi's Breakthrough -- 7. Modern Science and the Gold Seal -- 8. Persistent Problem Areas in the Twentieth Century -- 9. Recent Challenges to the Gold Seal's Authenticity: Conspiracy Theories and Better Science -- 10. Conclusion: Institutionalization of the Gold Seal and Future Research -- A. Miyake Yonekichi, "A Study of the Seal of the Ruler of the State of Na in Wa under the Han Dynasty" -- B. Miyake Yonekichi, "A Critique of the Theory That the Gold Seal [Inscribed] to the Ruler of the State of Na in Wa Is a Forgery" -- C. Okazaki Takashi, "Measuring the Gold Seal [Inscribed] to the 'Ruler of the State of Na in Wa under the Han' " -- Bibliography -- Index.

In Japanese Historiography and the Gold Seal of 57 C.E., Joshua Fogel examines the waves of historiographical analysis that this first item to pass officially from China to Japan has undergone in the two-plus centuries since its discovery.

Although we may be aware that China and Japan were not nation-states until relatively recently, we still speak and write about Han dynasty China or Jomon Japan. And almost all historians refer to prehistoric China or Japan. Thus imposing the national story on the local, the authors contend, harms the historical record

"The model I have drawn here attempts to accommodate both time and space. It may appear similar to the more old-fashioned 'Chinese world order, ' and indeed there are some similarities, but that older model failed to account for change over time and was, first and foremost, concerned with diplomatic relations. The model of the Sinosphere attempts to embrace intraregional relations in all their varying cultural and political complexities. The nature of Sino-Japanese ties may have been altogether different in the last third of the nineteenth century from what they were within the Sinosphere, but memory of the bond that had long linked China and Japan, I would argue, remained, if only as a lingering recollection. The Treaty of Amity, signed in 1871 ... bespeaks a time when respect worked both ways-a graded respect, to be sure, but nonetheless something tying the two states other than power and military obligations."--Jacket

"The model I have drawn here attempts to accommodate both time and space. It may appear similar to the more old-fashioned 'Chinese world order, ' and indeed there are some similarities, but that older model failed to account for change over time and was, first and foremost, concerned with diplomatic relations. The model of the Sinosphere attempts to embrace intraregional relations in all their varying cultural and political complexities. The nature of Sino-Japanese ties may have been altogether different in the last third of the nineteenth century from what they were within the Sinosphere, but memory of the bond that had long linked China and Japan, I would argue, remained, if only as a lingering recollection. The Treaty of Amity, signed in 1871 ... bespeaks a time when respect worked both ways-a graded respect, to be sure, but nonetheless something tying the two states other than power and military obligations."--Jacket

Intro -- Ai Ssu-ch'i's Contributionto the Developmentof Chinese Marxism -- CONTENTS -- Introduction -- 1 The Early Years -- In and Around Yunnan -- Studying in Japan -- Back to China and Off to Shanghai -- Debate with Yeh Ch'ing -- 2 Popularizations as a Genre -- 3 Ai Ssu-ch'i and the Popularization of Marxist-Leninist Philosophy -- Ontology: Being and Consciousness -- Critique of Kant and the Thing-in-Itself -- Dialectics of Nature, Reflective Epistemology, and the Problem of Subjectivity -- Determinism and Voluntarism: An Issue? -- 4 Popularization and the Popularity of Talks on Philosophy -- 5 Ai and Mao -- 6 Ai Ssu-ch'i and Communist Campaigns -- 7 The Ai Revival and the Party Intellectual -- Notes -- Abbreviations Used in the Notes and Bibliography -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Glossary -- Index.