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AbstractThe Hong Kong government's neoliberal approach regarding land development and urbanization affects not only the housing market but also burial places, increasing inequality for both the living and the dead. The urgency of tackling the issue of places for burial is all the more pressing given current demographic changes and an existing backlog of public burial places in inner‐city locations. Against this backdrop, this paper focuses on the cultural practices around burial and worship among the inhabitants of Hong Kong, and on their struggle to maintain these practices. It illustrates various forms and means of legitimacy (e.g. pragmatic, normative and cognitive) being applied by all actors, and shows how the continuing practices around worship and burial lead to the production of informality. The main argument is that socially constructed legitimacy can be gained and lost by various actors in a dynamic negotiation process based on belief systems, rules and norms (following Suchman, 1995). Thus, it should be understood as a strategic mode both within and outside the state. This perspective of legitimacy provides a better understanding of how and by what means resources and power are being negotiated in order to draw lessons from informal dynamics.

Chinas Entwicklung ist durch rasant wachsende Megastädte und mega-urbaner Regionen gekennzeichnet. Mit dieser Entwicklung gehen – bedingt durch globale Einflüsse – steigende räumliche Komplexität und sich verändernde Wertesysteme innerhalb der Gesellschaft einher. Um die Kluft zwischen der Beschreibung von Makromechanismen und Mikroprozessen in sich verändernden Gesellschaften zu überwinden, dient die 'Produktion des Raumes' als analytische Ansatz. Die 'Produktion von Raum' (z.B. Lefebvre 1997) kann als Strategie verstanden werden, um die Kluft zwischen dem Alltagsleben und veränderten gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen in urbanen Regionen zu überwinden. In dieser Arbeit wird die 'Produktion von Raum' in erster Linie als relational verstanden (z.B. Löw 2001; Lewis 2006). Die Produktion von Raum ist durch die Umwelt, kulturelle Bedeutungen, kognitive Prozesse und soziales Handeln bedingt. Die meisten Theorien über die Produktion von Raum wurden innerhalb westlicher Traditionen entwickelt. Dass Theorien an historische und kulturelle Gegebenheiten angepasst werden müssen, wird dabei meist übersehen. Im chinesischen Forschungskontext liegt die Auseinandersetzung mit der Produktion des Raumes den Fokus vor allem auf historische und soziale Ordnungsverfahren (z.B. Li, X. 2002). Trotz der Relevanz, vertieftes Wissen über den Zusammenhang zwischen Kognition (Geist), sozialem Handeln (Körper) und gebauter Umwelt zu gewinnen, ist die Produktion von Raum im aktuellen Kontext der chinesischen Megastädte noch kaum Gegenstand der Forschung. Die vorliegende Arbeit ist ein Beitrag zur Untersuchung des produzierten Raums in der sich dynamisch entwickelnden Megastadt Guangzhou in Südchina. Dabei werden drei Argumentationsstränge bearbeitet: Um die Produktion des sozialen Raumes und ihre Manifestation im urbanen Kontext zu verstehen, ist erstens eine transdisziplinäre Betrachtungsweise notwendig, die die Studien der Stadtsoziologie, der "urban psychology" und "Urban Studies" miteinbezieht, um über die westlich geprägte Betrachtungsweise, hinauszukommen. Zweitens sollen kulturelle Aspekte, die auf dem Kontinuum individueller und kollektiver Wertesystemen basieren, in die Theorie des produzierten Raums einbezogen werden. Drittens erscheint es notwendig, neue Methoden zur Generierung von Daten über die Manifestation des Städtischen zu entwickeln, die multi-skalare Konzepte zulassen, welche über die Beschreibung der gebauten Umwelt hinausgehen. Anstelle eines Tests westlicher Theorien über die Produktion von Raum basiert diese Arbeit auf empirischen Studien über die Beziehung zwischen Wahrnehmung, sozialem Handeln und der gebauten Umwelt und entwickelt so einen Analyserahmen, der chinesische Charakteristiken der Raumproduktion am Beispiel von Guangzhou berücksichtigt. ; China houses multiple rapidly developing megacities and mega-urban regions. These assume an increased degree of complexity due to global influences on local places and reflect changing value systems within society; the megacity of Guangzhou within the Pearl River Delta is no exception. Overcoming the duality between macro mechanisms and micro processes, the analytical approach on 'the production of space' bridges the gap between everyday life and the changing mechanisms in urbanizing societies. In this work, the 'production of space' (Lefebvre 1997) is understood as a relational spatial concept (e.g. Cassirer 1944; Löw 2001; Lewis 2006). The production of space depends on the built environment, meanings and values attributed to the built environment, cognition and social action. Despite the relevance of gaining knowledge on the interface between cognition (mind), social action (body) and rapidly changing urban environments, the production and re-production of space has been given little attention by Chinese scholars. On the one hand, Chinese scholars focus on describing the influence of concepts such as Feng Shui and historical context rather than investigating contemporary cities and the production of space; and on the other hand, Chinese scholars apply western theories as explanatory models, which do not seem to be valid in a context in which societal and political conditions are interpreted and accomplished on a different ground. Therefore, this work intends to add to the base of knowledge on the production of space in the dynamic megacity of Guangzhou through the lens of 'embodiment' within the cultural setting. Three main arguments are being pursued: First, that an interdisciplinary approach towards the production of space, and accordingly, on the embodiment of the urban context incorporating urban sociology, urban psychology and urban studies is needed in order to move beyond the western bias of theories on space for the context of Guangzhou. Second, that a stronger cultural lens incorporating the continuum between individual and collective values systems –and defined through dependent variables –should be included into an analytical approach on the produced space. Third, that there is a need for new methods of data collection on the embodiment of the urban that allow for multi-scalar concepts, beyond the built environment. Thus, rather than testing a western theory on the production of space, this work takes its starting point in empirical studies of the interrelation between cognition, social action and the built environment; furthermore, it suggests an analytical framework for the production of space with Chinese characteristics by the example of Guangzhou through an interdisciplinary and cultural lens.

"This publication offers an oversight of a wide variety of topics that are relevant when discussing urban design in Berlin and Shanghai; topics reflection what has taken place and what has been produced within the last five years of the Dual Urban Design Master Program between the two metropolis of Shanghai and Berlin"--Back cover

Over the past two decades it has become widely recognized that housing issues have to be placed in a broader framework acknowledging that civil society in the form of Community Based Organizations (CBOs) and their allies are increasingly networking and emerging as strong players that cannot easily be overlooked. Some of these networks have crossed local and national boundaries and have jumped political scales. This implies that housing issues have to be looked at from new angles: they can no longer simply be addressed through localized projects, but rather at multiple scales. The current debate is largely limited to statements about the relevance of individual organizations for local housing processes and tends to overlook the innovativeness in terms of re-scaling those processes and of influencing institutional change at various levels by transcending national boundaries. There is a significant lack of a systemic understanding of such globally operating grassroots networks and how they function in the housing process. This book brings together different perspectives on multi-scalar approaches within the housing field and on grassroots' engagement with formal agencies including local government, higher levels of government and international agencies. By moving away from romanticizing local self-initiatives, it focuses on understanding the emerging potential once local initiatives are interlinked and scaled-up to transnational networks.--

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the effects of collaborative innovation (CI) in urban planning practice by investigating the influence of a platform for collaboration between academia and external partners (practitioners and community groups). Unlike previous research on learning outcomes from the perspective of students (Fokdal et al., 2020), the aim of this article is to investigate the transformative learning (TL) experience from the perspective of the external partners.


Design/methodology/approach
The outcomes of the TL experience were assessed through four elements: disorienting dilemma; critical reflection; engagement in discourse; and reflective and critical taking action.


Findings
The claim that collaboration with multiple actors through TL processes can help promote innovative ways to view and practice planning outside of academia has to a certain extent been confirmed. This paper provides evidence that such transformative processes can have an impact on the individuals involved and shows the importance of individuals acting as change agents – or drivers of innovation. In addition, the importance of a collaborative platform – acting as an intermediary – in facilitating TL processes in planning practices is highlighted in the context of Serbia.


Originality/value
This paper is a continuation of existing research on educational initiatives that attempt to integrate sustainability into the curricula and bring innovation to urban planning practice; showcase outcomes of the TL experience for sustainable development, especially when addressing the innovative ways that planning is practiced outside of academia; and push for change toward a more sustainable future not only within and but also outside of academia.

Purpose
This paper aims to supplement existing research on a joint approach to integrate sustainability into higher planning education (HPE) by facilitating an international transformative learning process. It looks at three different urban master's programs in Serbia (Belgrade) and Germany (Berlin and Stuttgart).


Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, students' assessments of the pedagogical model, individual learning outcomes and the long-term value of the pedagogical model in respect of key competences for sustainability are presented and discussed. Basic assumptions of the study include that assessment from the students' perspective can provide feedback on the transformational learning experience with the aim of improving the experience and thus learning outcomes; help identify limitations and target specific areas for improvement in the pedagogical model; and improve the evaluation of effectiveness in developing knowledge and skills for sustainability in HPE.


Findings
The paper provides evidence that a learner-centered and action-oriented approach, as well as a global dialogue among peers from different backgrounds and nationalities, is an effective way to educate future generations of urban planners to become "change agents" for societal transformation toward a more sustainable future within their respective contexts.


Originality/value
The paper is a supplement to the existing research on educational initiatives that attempts to integrate sustainability into the curricula, especially of urban-related programs; showcases outcomes of the pedagogical model(s) for sustainable development applied, especially when addressing the competences of students working in developing, transitional and developed countries or different geographic contexts; and shows long-term learning outcomes after the students move into work practice.

The challenge of housing is increasingly recognised in international policy discussions in connection to the processes of migration, climate change, and economic globalisation. This book addresses the challenges of housing and emerging solutions along the lines of three major dynamics: migration, climate change, and neo-liberalism. It explores the outcomes of neo-liberal »enabling« ideas, responses to extreme climate events with different housing approaches, and how the dynamics of migration reshape the urban housing provision in a changing world. The aim is to contextualise the theoretical discourses by reflecting on the case study context of the eleven papers published in this book. With forewords by Raquel Rolnik (University Sao Paulo) and Mohammed El Sioufi (UN-Habitat).

PART I: Setting the SceneSetting the stageJosefine Fokdal, Olivia Bina, Prue Chiles, Liis Ojamäe and Katrin PaadamEnabling conditions for inter- and transdisciplinary urban research and practiceOlivia Bina, Josefine Fokdal, Prue Chiles, Katrin Paadam and Liis OjamäeWords matter: A shared baseline vocabularyJulie MennesPART II: Urban Stories Beyond DisciplinesThe Place and Space of Power: Mess, uncertainty and change over timePrue Chiles, Anna Krzywoszynska, Helen Holmes, Alastair Buckley, Nicky Gregson, Jose MawyinA Creative 'NanoTown' -- framing sustainable development scenarios with local people in CalabriaGiulio Verdini, Olivia Bina, Prue Chiles, Maria Pilar Guerrieri, Etra Connie Occhialini, Alan Mace, Christian Nolf, Anna Paola Pola, Paola RaffaExplorations on Residential Resilience -- BRF Viva 2011-2019Sten Gromark, Björn Andersson and Anna BraideSwimming free -- The Citizen-Driven Transformation of Neubad LucernePatricia Wolf, Christian Lars Schuchert, Sibylla Amstutz, Bettina Minder, Alex WillenerReal-world laboratories as catalysts for urban change -- The example of CASA Schützenplatz in Stuttgart, GermanyRaphael Dietz, Josefine Fokdal, Marius Gantert, Astrid Ley, Jesús Martínez Zárate, Antje StokmanA step towards an enjoyable city -- Joining expertise in redesigning public space around the 'Main Street'Katrin Paadam and Liis OjamäePartnerships for urban regeneration in Bulgaria -- Who needs academic research?Elena DimitrovaBarriers and potentials in interdisciplinary planning -- Creating care homes for people with dementiaHans Thor Andersen and Inge-Mette KirkebyTogether on the Platform -- Common action and reviving the central open public space in Ruski car (Russian Tsar) in LjubljanaMatej NikšičPART III: Short Stories from PracticeNewcastle-ProtohomeJulie HeslopBerlin-SpreefeldMichael LaFond, Prue Chiles and Alice GrantSheffield-Portland WorksCristina CerulliGagliato -- Calabria, ItalyRob Wills, James Anderson, Emma Kingman and Prue ChilesParis and ChinaFrancoise GedTallinn-EstoniaRaul JärgLjubljana-SloveniaMatej Nikšič, Marko Peterlin, Prue ChilesPART IV: Lessons Learned -- Beyond ContextTransdisciplinarity revisited: Transformative potential of lessons we might learnChristoph Woiwode and Olivia BinaCharacteristics of inter- and transdisciplinarity integration in urban researchErik Weber and Julie MennesEnabling the City: Learning for Transformational ChangeJosefine Fokdal, Olivia Bina and Giulio Verdini

The challenge of housing is increasingly recognised in international policy discussions in connection to the processes of migration, climate change, and economic globalisation. This book addresses the challenges of housing and emerging solutions along the lines of three major dynamics: migration, climate change, and neo-liberalism. It explores the outcomes of neo-liberal "enabling" ideas, responses to extreme climate events with different housing approaches, and how the dynamics of migration reshape the urban housing provision in a changing world. The aim is to contextualise the theoretical discourses by reflecting on the case study context of the eleven papers published in this book. With forewords by Raquel Rolnik (University Sao Paulo) and Mohammed El Sioufi (UN-Habitat).

The motivation for writing this book stems from our engagement with three undeniable trends in the twenty-frst century: a geographical trend of escalating urbanisation in a world shaken by multiple interdependent crises, a political trend of recognising the challenges following from this and placing them centrally into global plans for sustainable development, and thirdly, a trend in science policy of proclaiming the importance of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary (ITD) research, not least to inform policymaking. While torn between challenges and opportunities, one aspect that seems to unite all urban sustainability agendas is an appeal for transformative change and for knowledge that can make it happen. Our collaborative book, Enabling the City, occupies this inconvenient, uncomfortable, inarticulate space – but a space almost universally acclaimed as necessary to solve the difcult processes and urban challenges of today. This book focuses on how inter- and transdisciplinary processes of knowledge production may contribute to transformation at a local level, inescapably infuenced by global trends. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Unter Urbanisierung werden komplexe und irreversible Prozesse des gesellschaftlichen Wandels verstanden, die im Wachstum städtischer Siedlungs- und Wirtschaftsformen und in großen Agglomerationen ihren Ausdruck finden. Urbanisierung gilt als Motor der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, gleichzeitig wird sie oft von einer Polarisierung der Einkommensverhältnisse begleitet.