Suchergebnisse

Abstract In this article, the concept of socio-environmental vulnerability is empirically operationalized, with the objective of analyzing situations of socio-environmental vulnerability on intra-urban scale, in a group of 62 municipalities in the three main metropolitan regions of the Macro-metropolis of São Paulo State. The methodology associates two concepts from the recent literature on vulnerability - one social and the other physical-environmental - through an index that integrates socio-demographic indicators from the 2010 Demographic Census with cartographies of areas susceptible to floods and landslides. The results show that 1.8 million people live in areas with high socio-environmental vulnerability that have significantly worse socioeconomic conditions than areas with low and moderate vulnerability, especially regarding the differences in sewage coverage, in the surroundings of households and in the population living in substandard settlements (slums).

A relevância dos parques para experiências associadas ao turismo, lazer, recreação, prática esportiva e contemplação paisagística vem aumentando significativamente nas últimas décadas, no Brasil e no mundo. Um dos atuais desafios que se apresentam nesse sentido se refere, justamente, ao estabelecimento de procedimentos metodológicos capazes de mensurar os impactos gerados pelo turismo no contexto territorial dos parques, com vistas a revelar os reais efeitos econômicos, ambientais e socioculturais dessa relação. Diante desse desafio, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo reconhecer o "estado da arte" das pesquisas voltadas à apreensão e mensuração dos impactos e pressões gerados pelo turismo na dinâmica territorial de parques brasileiros. Por meio do levantamento bibliográfico em artigos, dissertações e teses nacionais, buscou-se apreender os métodos de investigação adotados, bem como os impactos priorizados em pesquisas que versam sobre a relação entre turismo e parques. Os resultados indicam que são ainda incipientes as pesquisas nessa direção, cujos enfoques, em geral, contemplam ainda olhares fragmentados sobre a complexidade e diversidade de pressões geradas pelo turismo em ambientes naturais protegidos.

O objetivo do artigo é fazer a identificação e análise espacial de situações de vulnerabilidade socioambiental em escala intraurbana no município de Guarulhos-SP, desenvolvendo uma operacionalização empírica do conceito de vulnerabilidade socioambiental, por meio da integração de indicadores sociodemográficos do Censo Demográfico 2010 com cartografias que representam áreas de risco ambiental. Os resultados revelam que determinadas áreas, espalhadas pelo território do município e onde vivem 119 mil pessoas, possuem alta vulnerabilidade socioambiental e apresentam condições socioeconômicas significativamente piores do que aquelas áreas com baixa e mesmo moderada vulnerabilidade. Portanto, os resultados do artigo podem fornecer subsídios para o planejamento de políticas públicas de mitigação das situações de vulnerabilidade socioambiental e de adaptação às mudanças climáticas, no município de Guarulhos, além de contribuir com o desenvolvimento de indicadores e metodologias para análise de situações de vulnerabilidade às mudanças climáticas, em áreas urbanas e metropolitanas do Brasil.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma análise da construção da usina hidrelétrica Belo Monte, caracterizando-a como um conflito socioeconômico e ambiental que gira ao redor de dois grandes temas: o impacto de grandes obras de infraestrutura sobre as populações locais e sobre o território onde se instalam, e os riscos e benefícios que elas geram para o desenvolvimento da região e do país. Isso é feito por meio de uma análise empírica do conceito de "estrutura de oportunidade política", em relação às oportunidades políticas que se configuraram para a atuação dos diferentes agentes sociais envolvidos no conflito ao redor da construção da usina. Nesta análise, constatou-se que, dentro da atual estrutura de oportunidades políticas da política energética brasileira, os grupos sociais contrários à construção de grandes obras de infraestrutura como a usina hidrelétrica Belo Monte, e aqueles que mais sofrem com os seus impactos diretos e indiretos, são também os que possuem menor capacidade de influenciar os processos decisórios e os resultados dessas construções. No caso do conflito em torno da usina hidrelétrica em questão, o repertório contencioso utilizado por esses agentes não conseguiu gerar uma mobilização contrária à obra com poder político suficiente para alterar o cronograma de construção e operação da usina. Essa situação se deve também à coesão e força política dos grupos sociais favoráveis a esse tipo de construção. A forma de atuação desses grupos lhes confere autonomia para decidir sobre os rumos da política energética brasileira, e orientá-la para a continuidade do projeto de expansão do número de usinas hidrelétricas de grande porte nos rios, da Amazônia brasileira. ; This article aims to do an analysis of the construction of Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, characterizing it as a socio-economic and environmental conflict over two main themes: a) the impact of large infrastructure constructions on the local populations as well as on the territory in which they are built; b) the risks and benefits they generate for the development of the region and the country. This is done by analyzing empirically the concept of "political opportunity structure" in relation to the political opportunities that arose for the action of the different social agents involved in the conflict over the construction of the hydroelectric power plant. In this analysis, it was found that within the actual political opportunity structure presented by the Brazilian energy policies, the groups that are against the construction of large infrastructure edifications, such as Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, and those that suffer the most with its direct and indirect impacts are also the ones with less power to influence the decision making processes and the outcomes of these constructions. In Belo Monte's case, the contentious repertoires utilized by these agents were not able to generate mobilization with political power enough to change the construction and the operation schedules. This situation is also due to the cohesion and political power of the groups that support this kind of construction. The way these groups act gives them autonomy to decide about the course of the Brazilian energy policies and aim them for the continuity of projects of expanding the number of large hydroelectric power plants in the Brazilian Amazon rivers.

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a vulnerable species that lives in South America, extinct in several countries. In the past year, different governmental and non-governmental programs were created for the giant anteater's conservation. However, little is known regarding the reproductive aspects of this species. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a morphological and ultrastructural analysis of the prostate gland. ABSTRACT: The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a vulnerable species from Central and South America, and is considered possibly extinct in Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Uruguay. Due to the species' conservation and reproductive importance, this research aimed to characterize the morphology, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural feature of the giant anteater prostate gland. For this, we collected 11 giant anteater prostate glands and performed macroscopic, morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis. Nine prostate glands from an adult subject and two from young subjects were studied. Grossly, the adult giant anteater prostate gland is divided in two distinct zones; the central zones (composed mainly of ducts) and the peripheral zones (of acini formed by secretory cells). The secretory cells showed positive periodic acid–Schiff staining. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical characterization revealed a similar human prostate pattern, with p63 staining basal cells, uroplakin III (UPIII) superficial cells of prostatic urethra, androgen receptor (AR) expressing nucleus of secretory and stromal cells, and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) staining prostatic epithelial cells. Overall, our research provided an in-depth morphological description of the giant anteater's prostate gland, providing valuable information for futures studies focused on giant anteater conservation.

Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) is an infectious and contagious disease affecting cattle that is responsible for causing a wide range of clinical manifestations ranging from inapparent or subclinical infections to an acute and sometimes fatal disease known as mucosal disease. The agent that causes BVD is an RNA virus of the genus Pestivirus and family Flaviridae. BVD is transmitted in two different ways: horizontal, by secretions, and vertically in pregnant cows, where the cow transmits the virus to the foetus. The clinical signs depend on the affected animal, its immunological capacity, and in the case of pregnant females, the gestation phase. A gestational infection can result in several changes, such as congenital anomalies, abortion, or even the birth of so-called persistently infected (PI) animals, which are difficult to detect and have a very important epidemiological role within the herd. The southwest region of Paraná has the largest dairy basin in the state of Paraná and is predominantly composed of family farmers, many of whom adopt measures that increase the health risk of their herd. The objective of this study was to delineate the serological prevalence of non-vaccinated dairy cattle in the municipality of Royalty-PR in relation to the BVD-1 virus, as well as to evaluate the odds ratios, relative risk and risk attributable to the independent variables of breed, age and the community under study. To that end, 317 blood serum samples from non-vaccinated cows from 18 different farms, with various breeds and ages, were evaluated by virus neutralization for the detection of antibodies specific to BVD-1. The results showed that 17.03% of the animals (54/317) had positive BVD-1 serology, and 82.33% (15/18) of the farms had at least one positive animal. Animals of the Jersey breed and the Barra do Sarandi Line community had the highest epidemiological risks, with a strong association with BVD-1 infection.

Objective. Examine the institutional mission statement and constituent strategy of the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology in Brazil.
Design/method/perspective. The study is descriptive with a qualitative approach. We used the model presented by Pearce and David (1987) regarding the effectiveness of the mission model. We separated the research approach into two groups. First, we linked to hermeneutic analysis. The second group deals with the mission statement's effectiveness by identifying the elements.
Results. We evidenced the low presence of the elements recommended by Pearce and David (1987), not even reaching half of the elements defined in the model. The normative aspects are, in percentage, the most addressed.
Practical implications. There is a significant gap between what someone advocated in the Federal Institutes' mission statements and the strategy that gave rise to their creation.
Originality/value. The originality of this article lies in the selection of educational institutions analysed since there is a significant volume of studies focused on higher education institutions but not on the complete set of Federal Institutes. Another distinctive aspect of this research concerns the analysis of the alignment of the mission statements with the strategy that gave rise to the creation of the Federal Institutes, the expansion, the internalisation and the increment of professional and technological education.

The aim of this study was to evaluate poultry performance and diet metabolisability in slow- growing naked neck chickens fed different substitution levels of soybean meal protein with cottonseed cake protein. The trial was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% substitution of soybean meal protein with cottonseed cake protein), six replicates and fifteen birds per replicate. The birds and diets of each experimental unit were weighed at one day old. At 30, 60 and 85 days old, the chickens and leftovers were weighed again to estimate the feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion (FC) and final weight (FW) from 1 to 30 days, from 1 to 60 days and from 1 to 85 days old. To evaluate diet metabolisability, a three-day total excreta collection (26 to 28 days of age) was performed. A quadratic effect was reported for diet metabolisability, in which the minimum substitution level was 17.45% and 17.69% for apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn), respectively. Based on performance, it is recommended to replace 40% soybean meal protein with cottonseed cake protein.