Suchergebnisse

In this article our focus will be on civil society's responses triggered by the imposition of the societies of austerity. The analysis will be centred on an emerging collective actor, the indignados, and on the conditions that fostered its formation and processes involved in the construction of its identity. To accomplish this task, we retrieved Ernesto Laclau's political logic of populism and the concept of political developed by Chantal Mouffe and applied them to the formation of the indignados' identity. This process is conceived in terms of the construction of antagonistic frontiers which divide the social into two opposing fields. This conception allows us to develop an analysis based on the notion of social conflict, as well as a reflection on the potentialities embodied by this new social actor, despite their presentation by the dominant discourse as utopic and therefore impossible. In this proposal, it is our aim to provide a better understanding of what is at stake when we talk about the indignados and a clearer perception of the political dimension of both struggle and resistance.

The cycle of anti-austerity contention between 2010 and 2013 in Portugal reveals a complex picture, where traditional actors, including trade unions and left-wing political parties, emerged as key actors. This gave rise to a period of intense polemics in the political arena, since the former right-wing majority refused to accept a new Prime Minister (António Costa, the leader of Socialist Party) who "lost" elections in late 2015. However, a "defeated" leader achieved power and was able to draw the "square of the circle", negotiating and forging agreements among the divided forces of the Left. This government solution, because of its supposed fragility and lack of consistency, became known as the "Contraption" ("Geringonça", in Portuguese). But more than a year later it still resisted and could even avoid some difficult obstacles.

A crise financeira iniciada no contexto americano há uma década, ocorrida em paralelo com a digitalização da economia e do trabalho, intensificou a precariedade laboral, colocando desafios acrescidos à representação política e coletiva da classe trabalhadora. Na Europa, nomeadamente em Portugal, essas transformações e as políticas de austeridade produziram alterações significativas ao nível das relações industriais, fomentando diversas ações de protesto. A par da ação dos sindicatos, emergiram vários atores coletivos que se situam no espectro dos movimentos sociais em rede, sublinhando a relevância de respostas coletivas no caso dos trabalhadores precários. Com base em pesquisas empíricas que recorreram à observação participante e a entrevistas em profundidade, neste artigo são apresentados dois estudos de caso, um confederal e outro setorial, que confrontam fatores de cooperação e tensão entre sindicatos e organizações emergentes de trabalhadores precários, no quadro do combate à precariedade laboral imposta pela austeridade. O nosso objetivo é identificar, com base nessas clivagens e aproximações, possíveis caminhos para o fortalecimento da identidade coletiva dos trabalhadores dando especial atenção ao segmento dos precários, pela sua importância enquanto parte integrante da força de trabalho, ao mesmo tempo que é enfatizado o papel dos recursos de poder e das novas tecnologias na emergência de respostas inovadoras.

Jubby Marcela Galvez,1 Carlos Martin Restrepo,1 Nora Constanza Contreras,1 Clara Alvarado,1 Carlos-Alberto Calderón-Ospina,1 Nidia Peña,1 Ricardo A Cifuentes,2 Daniela Duarte,1 Paul Laissue,1 Dora Janeth Fonseca1 1GENIUROS Research Group, Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics – CIGGUR, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; 2Area of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia Purpose: Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant associated with adverse reaction to drugs due to wide inter- and intra-individual dosage variability. Warfarin dosage has been related to non-genetic and genetic factors. CYP2C9 and VKORC1 gene polymorphisms affect warfarin metabolism and dosage. Due to the central role of populations' ethnical and genetic origin on warfarin dosage variability, novel algorithms for Latin American subgroups are necessary to establish safe anticoagulation therapy.Patients and methods: We genotyped CYP2C9*2 (c.430C > T), CYP2C9*3 (c.1075A > C), CYP4F2 (c.1297G > A), and VKORC1 (-1639 G > A) polymorphisms in 152 Colombian patients who received warfarin. We evaluated the impact on the variability of patients' warfarin dose requirements. Multiple linear regression analysis, using genetic and non-genetic variables, was used for creating an algorithm for optimal warfarin maintenance dose.Results: Median weekly prescribed warfarin dosage was significantly lower in patients having the VKORC1-1639 AA genotype and poor CYP2C9*2/*2,*2/*3 metabolizers than their wild-type counterparts. We found a 2.3-fold increase in mean dose for normal sensitivity patients (wild-type VKORC1/CYP2C9 genotypes) compared to the other groups (moderate and high sensitivity); 31.5% of the patients in our study group had warfarin sensitivity-related genotypes. The estimated regression equation accounted for 44.4% of overall variability in regard to warfarin maintenance dose. The algorithm was validated, giving 45.9% correlation (R2=0.459).Conclusion: Our results describe and validate the first algorithm for predicting warfarin maintenance in a Colombian mestizo population and have contributed toward the understanding of pharmacogenetics in a Latin American population subgroup.Keywords: genetic polymorphism, adverse drug reaction, gene frequency, anticoagulants

After over a decade of the austerity measures that followed the 2008 financial crisis-entailing severe, unpopular policies that have galvanized opposition and frayed social ties-what lies next for European societies? Portugal offers an interesting case for exploring this question, as a nation that was among the hardest hit by austerity and is now seeking a fresh path forward. This collection brings together sociologists, social movement specialists, political scientists, and other scholars to look specifically at how Portuguese youth have navigated this politically and economically difficult period, negotiating uncertain social circumstances as they channel their discontent into protest and collective action

Rechtspopulistische Parteien verzeichnen bei Wählerinnen und Wählern aus allen Klassen und Schichten der Bevölkerung Erfolge. Gerade bei Arbeiterinnen und Arbeitern stoßen sie jedoch besonders häufig auf Zustimmung. Dafür gibt es unterschiedliche Gründe: Gefühle verletzter sozialer Gerechtigkeit und politischer Obdachlosigkeit verbinden sich mit fremdenfeindlichen Ressentiments. Rechte Orientierungen sind auch im Denken gewerkschaftlich organisierter und aktiver Arbeiterinnen und Arbeiter, bei Betriebsräten und ehrenamtlichen Funktionären, weitverbreitet. Das Buch nimmt diese Entwicklung zum Ausgangspunkt.
Es versammelt Beiträge, die sich damit beschäftigen, weshalb rechtspopulistische Formationen bei Produktionsarbeiterinnen und -arbeitern überdurchschnittlichen Anklang finden und wie sich dieser autoritären Revolte wirksam begegnen lässt.
Mit Beiträgen unter anderem von Brigitte Aulenbacher, Sophie Bose, Annelie Buntenbach, Silke van Dyk, Jörg Flecker, Dora Fonseca, Stefanie Graefe, Wilhelm Heitmeyer, Gudrun Hentges, Arlie Hochschild, Dirk Jörke, Klaus Kraemer, Adam Mrozowicki, Andreas Nölke, Birgit Sauer, Dieter Sauer und Hans-Jürgen Urban