Suchergebnisse

Este artigo tem dois objetivos centrais. O primeiro é problematizar a conceptualização da cidadania, de acordo com sua acepção moral e o segundo é equacionar as respectivas implicações para qualquer projeto educativo que reconheça a importância da educação para a cidadania em contexto escolar. Assim, primeiramente serão feitas algumas considerações a respeito da dimensão poliédrica do conceito de cidadania. Especificamente, salientaremos que a cidadania participativa, além de requerer conhecimentos e competências, abrange igualmente o domínio de recursos pessoais e extrapessoais, bem como as disposições conducentes à ação. Ademais, existe um vínculo entre a constituição moral de cada cidadão, a democracia e a vivência democrática. Finalmente, abordaremos a cidadania democrática, a qual envolve a capacidade da pessoa de se mover além dos seus próprios interesses individuais, para que possa comprometer-se com o bem da comunidade onde se encontra inserida. A cidadania, nessa perspectiva, origina uma latente tensão que necessita ser prudentemente dirimida. O processo educativo, portanto, desenvolve-se na fronteira escorregadia entre a doutrinação e o respeito pela livre escolha individual, devendo existir uma fidelidade intransigente à bússola balizadora dos direitos humanos (UNESCO, 2006), os quais privilegiam a defesa da dignidade das pessoas, o direito ao desenvolvimento da personalidade e o combate a todas as formas de discriminação (ROLDÃO, 1992; SANTOS, 2011). ; This article has two central points. The first is to problematize the conceptualization of citizenship according to its moral meaning; the second is to evaluate its respective implications for any educational projects that recognize the relevance of education for citizenship in the school context. Therefore, a few considerations will initially be made regarding the polyhedral dimension of the concept of citizenship. We will particularly emphasize that, besides requiring knowledge and competences, participatory citizenship also covers the domains of personal and extra personal resources, as well as the dispositions leading to action. Moreover, there is a bond between each citizen's moral constitution, democracy itself, and the experiencing of democracy. Finally, we will approach democratic citizenship, which involves one's capacity to move beyond one's own individual interests in order to be committed to the good of the community. In this perspective, citizenship raises a latent tension that must be wisely settled. The educational process therefore occurs in the slippery border between indoctrination and the respect for free individual choice, thus calling for strict faithfulness to the guiding compass of human rights (UNESCO, 2006), which favors defending people's dignity, the right to the development of personality, and the fighting of all forms of discrimination (ROLDÃO, 1992; SANTOS, 2011).

RESUMO Como explicar os amplos e persistentes diferenciais da produtividade per capita na economia mundial? Do ponto de vista marshalliano, essas diferenças estão relacionadas a fatores microeconômicos (por exemplo, organização) e, em particular, ao investimento per capita em seres humanos como agentes de produção. Marshall acreditava que a importância relativa do trabalho mental em relação ao trabalho manual tendia a aumentar com o tempo; e sustentava que o capital humano - ou seja, os atributos físicos, morais e cognitivos de trabalhadores, profissionais e homens de negócios - é um dos mais importantes de todos os insumos na função de produção e um dos elementos-chave no processo de crescimento orgânico. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o pensamento teórico e normativo de Marshall sobre o papel econômico da educação e trazer sua contribuição pioneira à teoria moderna do capital humano.

Resumo: O texto analisa as possíveis intersecções entre as obras de Nietzsche e Darwin, considerando a recepção do darwinismo feita pelo primeiro e os problemas dessa leitura, partindo das próprias concepções teóricas de Nietzsche e avaliando as concepções do segundo a partir de uma leitura direta das obras do naturalista.

Comunicació presentada a: 23rd Conference of Open Innovations Association FRUCT, celebrat a Bologna, Italy, del 13 al 16 de novembre de 2018. ; Properly annotated multimedia content is crucial for supporting advances in many Information Retrieval applications. It enables, for instance, the development of automatic tools for the annotation of large and diverse multimedia collections. In the context of everyday sounds and online collections, the content to describe is very diverse and involves many different types of concepts, often organised in large hierarchical structures called taxonomies. This makes the task of manually annotating content arduous. In this paper, we present our user-centered development of two tools for the manual annotation of audio content from a wide range of types. We conducted a preliminary evaluation of functional prototypes involving real users. The goal is to evaluate them in a real context, engage in discussions with users, and inspire new ideas. A qualitative analysis was carried out including usability questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. This revealed interesting aspects to consider when developing tools for the manual annotation of audio content with labels drawn from large hierarchical taxonomies. ; This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 688382 "AudioCommons" and from a Google Faculty Research Award 2017. The authors thank Lorenzo Romanelli for his help with the development of the annotation tools, and the participants of the evaluation for the valuable feedback gathered.

Comunicació presentada al Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events 2017 Workshop (DCASE2017), celebrat el dia 16 de novembre de 2017 a Munic, Alemanya. ; This work describes our contribution to the acoustic scene classifi- cation task of the DCASE 2017 challenge. We propose a system that consists of the ensemble of two methods of different nature: a feature engineering approach, where a collection of hand-crafted features is input to a Gradient Boosting Machine, and another approach based on learning representations from data, where log-scaled melspectrograms are input to a Convolutional Neural Network. This CNN is designed with multiple filter shapes in the first layer. We use a simple late fusion strategy to combine both methods. We report classification accuracy of each method alone and the ensemble system on the provided cross-validation setup of TUT Acoustic Scenes 2017 dataset. The proposed system outperforms each of its component methods and improves the provided baseline system by 8.2%. ; This work is partially supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 688382 "AudioCommons", and the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program, as part of the CompMusic project (ERC grant agreement 267583), and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme (MDM-2015-0502).

Comunicació presentada a: Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events 2018, celebrat a Surrey, Regne Unit, del 19 al 20 de novembre de 2018. ; This paper describes Task 2 of the DCASE 2018 Challenge, titled "General-purpose audio tagging of Freesound content with AudioSet labels". This task was hosted on the Kaggle platform as "Freesound General-Purpose Audio Tagging Challenge". The goal of the task is to build an audio tagging system that can recognize the category of an audio clip from a subset of 41 diverse categories drawn from the AudioSet Ontology. We present the task, the dataset prepared for the competition, and a baseline system. ; This work is partially supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 688382 AudioCommons and a Google Faculty Research Award 2017.

Comunicació presentada al 18th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference celebrada a Suzhou, Xina, del 23 al 27 d'cotubre de 2017. ; Openly available datasets are a key factor in the advancement of data-driven research approaches, including many of the ones used in sound and music computing. In the last few years, quite a number of new audio datasets have been made available but there are still major shortcomings in many of them to have a significant research impact. Among the common shortcomings are the lack of transparency in their creation and the difficulty of making them completely open and sharable. They often do not include clear mechanisms to amend errors and many times they are not large enough for current machine learning needs. This paper introduces Freesound Datasets, an online platform for the collaborative creation of open audio datasets based on principles of transparency, openness, dynamic character, and sustainability. As a proof-of-concept, we present an early snapshot of a large-scale audio dataset built using this platform. It consists of audio samples from Freesound organised in a hierarchy based on the AudioSet Ontology. We believe that building and maintaining datasets following the outlined principles and using open tools and collaborative approaches like the ones presented here will have a significant impact in our research community. ; This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 688382 "AudioCommons", and from the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme (MDM-2015-0502).

Connexins (Cxs) are integral membrane proteins that form high-conductance plasma membrane channels, allowing communication from cell to cell (via gap junctions) and from cells to the extracellular environment (via hemichannels). Initially described for their role in joining excitable cells (nerve and muscle), gap junctions (GJs) are found between virtually all cells in solid tissues and are essential for functional coordination by enabling the direct transfer of small signalling molecules, metabolites, ions, and electrical signals from cell to cell. Several studies have revealed diverse channel-independent functions of Cxs, which include the control of cell growth and tumourigenicity. Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most widespread Cx in the human body. The myriad roles of Cx43 and its implication in the development of disorders such as cancer, inflammation, osteoarthritis and Alzheimer's disease have given rise to many novel questions. Several RNA- and DNA-binding motifs were predicted in the Cx43 and Cx26 sequences using different computational methods. This review provides insights into new, ground-breaking functions of Cxs, highlighting important areas for future work such as transfer of genetic information through extracellular vesicles. We discuss the implication of potential RNA- and DNA-binding domains in the Cx43 and Cx26 sequences in the cellular communication and control of signalling pathways ; This work was supported in part through funding from the Society for Research on Bone and Mineral Metabolism - Grant number FEIOMM2016 (to M.D.M.), by grant PRECIPITA-2015-000139 from the FECYT-Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (to M.D.M), by grants PI13/00591 and PI16/00035 from the Health Institute "Carlos III" (ISCIII, Spain) and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, "A way of making Europe" from the European Union (to M.D.M.), by a grant from Xunta de Galicia (pre-doctoral fellowship) to M.V.-E., and by a grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, Spain (FPU grant to ...

[Abstract] Articular cartilage and synovial tissue from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) show an overactivity of connexin43 (Cx43) and accumulation of senescent cells associated with disrupted tissue regeneration and disease progression. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oleuropein on Cx43 and cellular senescence for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies for OA treatment. Oleuropein regulates Cx43 promoter activity and enhances the propensity of hMSCs to differentiate into chondrocytes and bone cells, reducing adipogenesis. This small molecule reduce Cx43 levels and decrease Twist-1 activity in osteoarthritic chondrocytes (OACs), leading to redifferentiation, restoring the synthesis of cartilage ECM components (Col2A1 and proteoglycans), and reducing the inflammatory and catabolic factors mediated by NF-kB (IL-1ß, IL-6, COX-2 and MMP-3), in addition to lowering cellular senescence in OACs, synovial and bone cells. Our in vitro results demonstrate the use of olive-derived polyphenols, such as oleuropein, as potentially effective therapeutic agents to improve chondrogenesis of hMSCs, to induce chondrocyte re-differentiation in OACs and clearing out senescent cells in joint tissues in order to prevent or stop the progression of the disease. ; Xunta de Galicia; IN607B 2017/21 ; Xunta de Galicia; ED481A-2015/188 ; Xunta de Galicia; IN606B-2019/004 ; Xunta de Galicia; IN606B-2017/014 ; This work was supported in part through funding from the Spanish Foundation for Research on Bone and Mineral Metabolism (FEIOMM), grant PRECIPITA-2015-000139 from the FECYT-Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (to M.D.M.), grant PI16/00035 and PI19/00145 from the Health Institute 'Carlos III' (ISCIII, Spain), the European Regional Development Fund, 'A way of making Europe' from the European Union (to M.D.M.) and a grant from Xunta de Galicia IN607B 2017/21 (to M.D.M.). M.V.-E. was funded with a predoctoral (ED481A-2015/188) and a postdoctoral fellowship (IN606B-2019/004) from Xunta de Galicia. P.C.-F. was funded with a postdoctoral fellowship (IN606B-2017/014) from Xunta de Galicia.