Suchergebnisse

The child's gender influence on maternal rearing practices is studied about the choice of some type of family structuring as defined by J. Lautrey (1980). Results on 254 Portugueses families of urban and rural areas, among various socio-economic status, with 12 years old boys or girls, show that the child's gender does not change the maternal structuring of family life, essentially dependent on the material quality of life. Whereas it changes other rearing practices, as the child autonomy, the distinction between autonomy and family structuring sustained by empirical results, is necessary.

ObjectiveTo analyze how the endorsement of motives for and against having children act at a dyadic level to predict childbearing intentions.BackgroundUnderstanding what leads individuals to have children is a topic of interest among family researchers and policy makers given that fertility rates have been decreasing in many countries. Most studies on this topic have not examined intentions about children as a dyadic process, yet most childbearing decisions occur within couple relationships.MethodUsing a convenience sample of heterosexual dual‐earner couples with (n = 100 couples) and without children (n = 60 couples), Actor‐Partner‐Interdependence‐Models were fitted to assess the linkages between motives and childbearing intentions.ResultsDifferent processes occur for parents and nonparents when formulating intentions to have a(nother) child. Compared to nonparents, parents are less concerned about potential changes in lifestyle or to their marital relationship, and worries about child development are subdued; rather, they are more focused on the potential emotional benefits of an additional child. In addition, partner effects were found solely in the parents' group: The more the partner perceived an additional child as enriching, the more the individual intended to have another child. Childless women were also particularly concerned about the costs of parenthood, and childless men were primarily driven by emotional enrichment motives.ConclusionIndividual attitudes and behaviors with regard to intentions for having a child tend to be affected by their partner's attitudes and behaviors toward the same. Thus, the family systems approach take here provides a more holistic understanding of couple and family decision‐making processes on this issue than is possible when only collecting data from individuals.ImplicationsFor parents, interventions aimed at enhancing communication and negotiation skills between couple members could foster a more shared and informed decision‐making process. Improving women's sense of control and mastery over the juggling of multiple roles may help reduce childless women's concerns about the costs of having children.

Le premier objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer la variation de la différenciation familiale et de la qualité des relations parent-enfants (appui intergénérationnel, satisfaction et conflit) en fonction du degré de concrétisation de certaines transitions développementales de jeunes adultes (indépendance économique et résidentielle par rapport aux parents). Le deuxième objectif est de comparer les points de vue des parents et des enfants face aux mêmes dimensions, en considérant l'effet modérateur du genre. L'échantillon est formé de 115 triades (jeune-adulte, mère et père). Les résultats indiquent que les transitions développementales n'influencent que faiblement la perception des relations parents-enfants qui est toutefois clairement déterminée par le genre des partenaires. En outre, les parents présentent une perception plus positive des interactions avec leurs enfants que ces derniers, mais les transitions développementales des jeunes adultes favorisent la convergence de perspectives entre générations.

In Southern European countries, the number of emerging adults living with their parents is particularly high; however, the developmental and relational implications of this situation has not been yet systemically studied. Therefore, the present study aimed to (a) examine how emerging adult's individuation process (i.e. conflictual, functional and financial independence) and the quality of parent–child relationship relationships (i.e. satisfaction and criticism) was related to emerging adult's living arrangements and (b) investigate how the different individuation domains were associated with parent–child relationships and additionally test the moderation effect of living arrangements in this process. Four hundred and fifty-seven Portuguese emerging adults of age between 20 and 29 were assessed through self-report questionnaires. Results showed that living arrangements were associated with interpersonal forms of independence but were unrelated to the quality of parent–child relations. Moreover, distinct domains of individuation differently predicted parent–child relationships.

Résumé L'extension de la période de la cohabitation avec les parents, associée aux difficultés de l'emploi, a suscité un regain d'intérêt face aux processus de la transmission intergénérationnelle des rôles adultes et de leurs modes de conciliation. Ces rôles sont encore fortement marqués par les critères de genre et si les jeunes partagent des attitudes plus égalitaires que celles de leurs parents, les modèles familiaux se transmettent de génération en génération. L'étude ici présentée prétend vérifier dans quelle mesure les stratégies de conciliation des rôles familiaux et professionnels de jeunes universitaires, garçons et filles, dépendent directement de celles de leurs parents ou indirectement des attitudes plus générales de ceux-ci face à la famille, au travail et aux rôles de genre. Portant sur 101 triades père-mère-enfant, les résultats permettent de distinguer l'influence du père de celle de la mère tout en tenant compte des variations relatives au genre de l'enfant. Ils confirment la présence d'une transmission intergénérationnelle, directe et indirecte, des attitudes face aux rôles familiaux et professionnels ainsi que des formes privilégiées de conciliation. Le rôle médiateur du genre, tant du parent que de l'enfant, dans les voies adoptées par la transmission, est également mis en exergue.

Joint book reading may be considered as an adequate situation to study attention in young children, as it requires from them to sustain attention until the end of the book. Moreover, mothers participate in this orientation, and the present research considers both children's attentional ability and mothers' scaffolding strategies. Thirty-six dyads with 11- to 31 -month-old children were videorecorded when reading a picture book and a story book. Results show that in this situation even 1 1 -month-olds are capable of sustaining their attention for long moments, much longer than in play activities around toys. Mothers adjust their verbalizations and their posture to the child's level of development, but at any age they do not modify their usual behavior when the child becomes less attentive. Their main aim seems to carry on a reading routine. This framing is flexible and powerful enough to the child back to the common activity.