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In small South Colombian frontier villages such as La Pedrera, forms of exchange are so diverse that it would be reductionist, from an anthropological point of view, to consider only the monetary (pecuniary) exchanges. In this boundary region of the Amazonian trapezium, most exchanges are carried out without the use of money and a lot of them can be considered as "barters" or "gifts" (Mauss 1967). In addition to the usual market relationships, many other kinds of exchange exist where things are exchanged without the use of money. After discussing the geographical and political characteristics of La Pedrera, we will examine the historical evolution of exchanges in this frontier zone; then we will show the progressive construction of exchange relationships between Whites and Indians from the 17th Century until now. Nowadays many exchanges can be considered as alternative techniques of exchange, that is as apart from monetary exchanges.

In small South Colombian frontier villages such as La Pedrera, forms of exchange are so diverse that it would be reductionist, from an anthropological point of view, to consider only the monetary (pecuniary) exchanges. In this boundary region of the Amazonian trapezium, most exchanges are carried out without the use of money and a lot of them can be considered as "barters" or "gifts" (Mauss 1967). In addition to the usual market relationships, many other kinds of exchange exist where things are exchanged without the use of money. After discussing the geographical and political characteristics of La Pedrera, we will examine the historical evolution of exchanges in this frontier zone; then we will show the progressive construction of exchange relationships between Whites and Indians from the 17th Century until now. Nowadays many exchanges can be considered as alternative techniques of exchange, that is as apart from monetary exchanges.

In small South Colombian frontier villages such as La Pedrera, forms of exchange are so diverse that it would be reductionist, from an anthropological point of view, to consider only the monetary (pecuniary) exchanges. In this boundary region of the Amazonian trapezium, most exchanges are carried out without the use of money and a lot of them can be considered as "barters" or "gifts" (Mauss 1967). In addition to the usual market relationships, many other kinds of exchange exist where things are exchanged without the use of money. After discussing the geographical and political characteristics of La Pedrera, we will examine the historical evolution of exchanges in this frontier zone; then we will show the progressive construction of exchange relationships between Whites and Indians from the 17th Century until now. Nowadays many exchanges can be considered as alternative techniques of exchange, that is as apart from monetary exchanges.

This study explores the diversity of forms of exchange among the yucuna Indians of the Colombian amazon, by considering both the language and the specific traits of the institutions that determine them. By redefining the notion of "speech" in order to employ it as a concept for analyzing social facts, the author lays out the first foundations of a theoretical model serving to study any form of exchange, indifferently of the semiotic material used by the speaking subjects, be it that these express themselves by toungue, by their conduct, by their tasks or even by the objects that they give each other (meals, drinks, cigarettes, gifts, etc. ). Exchanges are thus defined as speech acts (J.L. Austin ; J.R. Searle), in interaction determined by their particular contexts. The ethnologist's work is to separately examine different contexts in order to sort out their particular social rules. They allow both the interpretation of what is implicit in these acts and the explanation of the temporal order within the interactions. Once the rules have been formulated, it becomes possible to compare them to others, in order to identify the specificities of traditional indigenous institutions (kinship, maloca, shamanism) distinguishing them from western institutions (economical, political, juridical, etc.). In order to analyze the rules of exchange, several ethnographic methods have been used to elaborate an appropriate corpus. On one hand, real situations are described in traditional contexts (domestic life, visits, collective works, ceremonial balls) as well as in modern contexts (payment of indigenous workers, merchandise sales). On the other hand, stories (myths, legends about White, reports of recent events) and conversations (everyday and ceremonial) are transcribed in yucuna language. All this material is divided into sequences allowing for precise referencing throughout the comments. ; Cette étude explore la diversité des formes d'échange chez les Indiens yucuna d'Amazonie colombienne, en prenant en compte le langage et les spécificités des institutions qui les déterminent. En redéfinissant la notion de " parole " pour l'utiliser comme concept d'analyse des faits sociaux, l'auteur construit les premiers fondements d'un modèle théorique pour n'importe quelle forme d'échange, quel que soit le matériel sémiotique employé par les sujets parlants, que ceux-ci s'expriment par la langue, leurs conduites, leurs tâches, ou encore les objets qu'ils se donnent (repas, boissons, cigarettes, cadeaux, etc.). Les échanges sont alors définis comme des actes de parole (J.L. Austin ; J.R. Searle) en interaction déterminés par leurs contextes particuliés. Le travail de l'ethnologue reste donc d'examiner séparément différents contextes pour dégager leurs règles sociales particulières. Ce sont elles qui permettent d'interpréter ce qui est implicite dans les actes, et d'expliquer leur ordre temporel dans les interactions. Une fois que les règles ont été formulées, il devient possible d'identifier les spécificités des institutions indigènes traditionnelles (parenté, maloca, chamanisme) en les distinguant des institutions occidentales (économique, politique, juridique, etc.). Afin d'analyser les règles des échanges, plusieurs méthodes ethnographiques ont été utilisées pour élaborer un corpus approprié. D'une part, des situations réelles sont décrites aussi bien dans des contextes traditionnels (vie domestique, visite, travail collectif, bal cérémoniel) que dans des contextes modernes (paiement des ouvriers indigènes, vente de marchandises). D'autre part, des histoires (mythes, légendes sur les Blancs, récits d'événements récents) et des conversations (quotidiennes et cérémonielles) sont transcrites en langue yucuna. Tout ce matériel est découpé en séquences pour pouvoir faire l'objet de références précises, lors des commentaires.

This study explores the diversity of forms of exchange among the yucuna Indians of the Colombian amazon, by considering both the language and the specific traits of the institutions that determine them. By redefining the notion of "speech" in order to employ it as a concept for analyzing social facts, the author lays out the first foundations of a theoretical model serving to study any form of exchange, indifferently of the semiotic material used by the speaking subjects, be it that these express themselves by toungue, by their conduct, by their tasks or even by the objects that they give each other (meals, drinks, cigarettes, gifts, etc. ). Exchanges are thus defined as speech acts (J.L. Austin ; J.R. Searle), in interaction determined by their particular contexts. The ethnologist's work is to separately examine different contexts in order to sort out their particular social rules. They allow both the interpretation of what is implicit in these acts and the explanation of the temporal order within the interactions. Once the rules have been formulated, it becomes possible to compare them to others, in order to identify the specificities of traditional indigenous institutions (kinship, maloca, shamanism) distinguishing them from western institutions (economical, political, juridical, etc.). In order to analyze the rules of exchange, several ethnographic methods have been used to elaborate an appropriate corpus. On one hand, real situations are described in traditional contexts (domestic life, visits, collective works, ceremonial balls) as well as in modern contexts (payment of indigenous workers, merchandise sales). On the other hand, stories (myths, legends about White, reports of recent events) and conversations (everyday and ceremonial) are transcribed in yucuna language. All this material is divided into sequences allowing for precise referencing throughout the comments. ; Cette étude explore la diversité des formes d'échange chez les Indiens yucuna d'Amazonie colombienne, en prenant en compte le langage et les spécificités des institutions qui les déterminent. En redéfinissant la notion de " parole " pour l'utiliser comme concept d'analyse des faits sociaux, l'auteur construit les premiers fondements d'un modèle théorique pour n'importe quelle forme d'échange, quel que soit le matériel sémiotique employé par les sujets parlants, que ceux-ci s'expriment par la langue, leurs conduites, leurs tâches, ou encore les objets qu'ils se donnent (repas, boissons, cigarettes, cadeaux, etc.). Les échanges sont alors définis comme des actes de parole (J.L. Austin ; J.R. Searle) en interaction déterminés par leurs contextes particuliés. Le travail de l'ethnologue reste donc d'examiner séparément différents contextes pour dégager leurs règles sociales particulières. Ce sont elles qui permettent d'interpréter ce qui est implicite dans les actes, et d'expliquer leur ordre temporel dans les interactions. Une fois que les règles ont été formulées, il devient possible d'identifier les spécificités des institutions indigènes traditionnelles (parenté, maloca, chamanisme) en les distinguant des institutions occidentales (économique, politique, juridique, etc.). Afin d'analyser les règles des échanges, plusieurs méthodes ethnographiques ont été utilisées pour élaborer un corpus approprié. D'une part, des situations réelles sont décrites aussi bien dans des contextes traditionnels (vie domestique, visite, travail collectif, bal cérémoniel) que dans des contextes modernes (paiement des ouvriers indigènes, vente de marchandises). D'autre part, des histoires (mythes, légendes sur les Blancs, récits d'événements récents) et des conversations (quotidiennes et cérémonielles) sont transcrites en langue yucuna. Tout ce matériel est découpé en séquences pour pouvoir faire l'objet de références précises, lors des commentaires.

This study explores the diversity of forms of exchange among the yucuna Indians of the Colombian amazon, by considering both the language and the specific traits of the institutions that determine them. By redefining the notion of "speech" in order to employ it as a concept for analyzing social facts, the author lays out the first foundations of a theoretical model serving to study any form of exchange, indifferently of the semiotic material used by the speaking subjects, be it that these express themselves by toungue, by their conduct, by their tasks or even by the objects that they give each other (meals, drinks, cigarettes, gifts, etc. ). Exchanges are thus defined as speech acts (J.L. Austin ; J.R. Searle), in interaction determined by their particular contexts. The ethnologist's work is to separately examine different contexts in order to sort out their particular social rules. They allow both the interpretation of what is implicit in these acts and the explanation of the temporal order within the interactions. Once the rules have been formulated, it becomes possible to compare them to others, in order to identify the specificities of traditional indigenous institutions (kinship, maloca, shamanism) distinguishing them from western institutions (economical, political, juridical, etc.). In order to analyze the rules of exchange, several ethnographic methods have been used to elaborate an appropriate corpus. On one hand, real situations are described in traditional contexts (domestic life, visits, collective works, ceremonial balls) as well as in modern contexts (payment of indigenous workers, merchandise sales). On the other hand, stories (myths, legends about White, reports of recent events) and conversations (everyday and ceremonial) are transcribed in yucuna language. All this material is divided into sequences allowing for precise referencing throughout the comments. ; Cette étude explore la diversité des formes d'échange chez les Indiens yucuna d'Amazonie colombienne, en prenant en compte le langage et ...