Suchergebnisse

This thesis focuses on Michel Foucault's thought of resistance. There is a dual idea: on the one hand, to offer a critical and systematic study of the Foucaldian use of resistance, in order to shed light on the important analyses, theses and concepts of his work; on the other hand, to understand how Foucault renews the thought of resistance in his contemporary context, and in an explicit or implicit discussion with Marxism, Sartre, Deleuze or the Frankfurt School. The challenge is to show that it is in virtue of some thought on resistance, and on some visible but decisive aporias, such as a normless or subject-deprived resistance, that Foucault redirects his methodological eye towards an analysis of power, government and subjectivity. At least three specific resistances can thereby be distinguished: a literary resistance against the anthropological illusion, a collective resistance against political norms - sovereign, disciplinary, bio-political powers -, and finally an ethical and subjective resistance to what, in itself, accepts, desires and reestablishes ways to govern oneself. Besides, Foucault's relationship to Nietzsche is subject to a specific attention: it is about showing how Foucault frees his genealogical work, whose inspiration is of resistance, from a Nietzschean philosophy focused on the will to power, that is to say the overtaking of resistances. In that, it is possible to show that the Foucaldian resistance, which is played at the crossroad of thought, freedom, and truth, constitutes a privileged way to philosophically answer to the critics of historicism, relativism, or nihilism addressed to Foucault. ; Cette thèse porte sur la pensée de la résistance chez Michel Foucault. L'idée est double : d'une part, proposer une étude critique et systématique de l'usage foucaldien de la résistance, afin d'éclairer le sens des analyses, des thèses et des concepts importants de l'œuvre ; d'autre part, comprendre comment Foucault renouvelle la pensée de la résistance dans le contexte qui lui est contemporain, ...

This thesis focuses on Michel Foucault's thought of resistance. There is a dual idea: on the one hand, to offer a critical and systematic study of the Foucaldian use of resistance, in order to shed light on the important analyses, theses and concepts of his work; on the other hand, to understand how Foucault renews the thought of resistance in his contemporary context, and in an explicit or implicit discussion with Marxism, Sartre, Deleuze or the Frankfurt School. The challenge is to show that it is in virtue of some thought on resistance, and on some visible but decisive aporias, such as a normless or subject-deprived resistance, that Foucault redirects his methodological eye towards an analysis of power, government and subjectivity. At least three specific resistances can thereby be distinguished: a literary resistance against the anthropological illusion, a collective resistance against political norms - sovereign, disciplinary, bio-political powers -, and finally an ethical and subjective resistance to what, in itself, accepts, desires and reestablishes ways to govern oneself. Besides, Foucault's relationship to Nietzsche is subject to a specific attention: it is about showing how Foucault frees his genealogical work, whose inspiration is of resistance, from a Nietzschean philosophy focused on the will to power, that is to say the overtaking of resistances. In that, it is possible to show that the Foucaldian resistance, which is played at the crossroad of thought, freedom, and truth, constitutes a privileged way to philosophically answer to the critics of historicism, relativism, or nihilism addressed to Foucault. ; Cette thèse porte sur la pensée de la résistance chez Michel Foucault. L'idée est double : d'une part, proposer une étude critique et systématique de l'usage foucaldien de la résistance, afin d'éclairer le sens des analyses, des thèses et des concepts importants de l'œuvre ; d'autre part, comprendre comment Foucault renouvelle la pensée de la résistance dans le contexte qui lui est contemporain, et dans une discussion explicite ou implicite avec le marxisme, Sartre, Deleuze ou l'école de Francfort. Le pari est de montrer que c'est en vertu d'une réflexion sur la résistance, et de certaines apories apparentes mais décisives, comme une résistance sans norme ou sans sujet, que Foucault réoriente son regard méthodologique vers une analytique du pouvoir, du gouvernement ou de la subjectivité. Au moins trois résistances spécifiques se distinguent ainsi : une résistance littéraire contre l'illusion anthropologique, une résistance collective contre des normes politiques – pouvoirs souverain, disciplinaire, bio-politique –, enfin une résistance éthique et subjective à ce qui, en soi, accepte, désire et reconduit des façons de se gouverner. En outre, la relation de Foucault à Nietzsche est l'objet d'une attention spéciale : il s'agit de montrer comment Foucault dégage son travail généalogique, dont toute l'inspiration est de résistance, d'une philosophie nietzschéenne centrée sur la volonté de puissance, c'est-à-dire sur le dépassement des résistances. En cela, il est possible de montrer que la résistance foucaldienne, qui se joue au point de rencontre entre la pensée, la liberté et la vérité, constitue une voie privilégiée pour répondre philosophiquement aux critiques d'historicisme, de relativisme ou de nihilisme adressées à Foucault.

Background: It is unknown whether lung-protective ventilation is applied in burn patients and whether they benefit from it. This study aimed to determine ventilation practices in burn intensive care units (ICUs) and investigate the association between lung-protective ventilation and the number of ventilator-free days and alive at day 28 (VFD-28). Methods: This is an international prospective observational cohort study including adult burn patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Low tidal volume (V-T) was defined as V-T = 5 cmH(2)O; 80% of patients had maximum airway pressures <30 cmH(2)O. Conclusion: In this international cohort study we found that lung-protective ventilation is used in the majority of burn patients, irrespective of the presence of inhalation trauma. Use of low V-T was not associated with a reduction in VFD-28. ; Funding Agencies|Nederlandse Brandwonden Stichting (the Dutch Burn Association, Beverwijk, The Netherlands)Netherlands Government