Suchergebnisse

Während die Bundesrepublik Deutschland als Teilrechtsnachfolger eine eingeschränkte Haftung für das Dritte Reich übernahm, trifft dies auf die DDR und Österreich nicht zu. In den Westzonen Deutschlands entstanden Zonengesetze, die Teilbereiche der Wiedergutmachung regelten. Die Bundesrepublik übernahm die alliierten Rückerstattungsgesetze als innerstaatliches Recht und führte die Rückerstattung enteigneten Vermögens rasch durch, während die Situation in Österreich unbefriedigend war. Die Bundesrepublik kam auch ihrer Entschädigungspflicht nach, während Österreich grundsätzlich keine Verantwortung für NS-Opfer übernahm. Das österreichische Opferfürsorgegesetz war weit restriktiver als das deutsche Bundesergänzungsgesetz. Durch den Staatsvertrag 1955 wurde Österreich ein umfassender Forderungsverzicht gegenüber Deutschland auferlegt. Im "Kreuznacher Abkommen" sicherte die Bundesrepublik eine finanzielle Beteiligung an Entschädigungsleistungen Österreichs zu. (ICE2)

Organ transplantations from brain-dead donors have been de facto prohibited in Japan since 1968. Buddhism, Shintoism, the Japanese concept of personhood, Japanese medical and hospital practices, the police, and the Patient's Rights Conference have all contributed to this situation. However, consensus has been growing in Japanese society and government that these operations should be legalized. The Diet began considering a proposed bill to this end on April 12, 1994. This comment argues that the bill ought to be passed. If passed, this bill will save the lives of many Japanese, it will end the difficulties Japanese currently encounter going overseas for organ transplantations, and it will end the possibility of Japan acquiring an unfavorable international reputation for taking from the international organ pool but not contributing to it.

After 1945, stories about the Wehrmacht and football were integrated into the popular political history of anti-Nazi resistance in the newly formed Second Austrian Republic. This includes, for example, the alleged deployment of the team from SK Rapid to the front lines after their victory in the final of the 1941 German wartime football championship. Against the background of these myths, which were sometimes circulated even in football historiography, this contribution examines the similarities and differences between Viennese football after the 1938 Anschluss and the other regions of the Nazi Reich: How was the conscription of Viennese footballers accomplished and how involved were the players in the soldiers' football teams? Did the Viennese players enjoy the support of local Nazi functionaries or – like some of their national teammates – the help of "Reich Coach" Sepp Herberger in being held back from the front lines? What strategies did Viennese football players and clubs use in order to avoid being sent to the front, or to remain active as players? And to what extent were Viennese players or football officials involved in Nazi crimes during the war? This essay is based on the results of the research projects "Green-White under the Swastika. SK Rapid under National Socialism" and "Austrian victims of Nazi military justice."

After 1945, stories about the Wehrmacht and football were integrated into the popular political history of anti-Nazi resistance in the newly formed Second Austrian Republic. This includes, for example, the alleged deployment of the team from SK Rapid to the front lines after their victory in the final of the 1941 German wartime football championship. Against the background of these myths, which were sometimes circulated even in football historiography, this contribution examines the similarities and differences between Viennese football after the 1938 Anschluss and the other regions of the Nazi Reich: How was the conscription of Viennese footballers accomplished and how involved were the players in the soldiers' football teams? Did the Viennese players enjoy the support of local Nazi functionaries or – like some of their national teammates – the help of "Reich Coach" Sepp Herberger in being held back from the front lines? What strategies did Viennese football players and clubs use in order to avoid being sent to the front, or to remain active as players? And to what extent were Viennese players or football officials involved in Nazi crimes during the war? This essay is based on the results of the research projects "Green-White under the Swastika - SK Rapid under National Socialism" and "Austrian victims of Nazi military justice."