Cover -- Women's entrepreneurship in the wake of the Covid-19 crisis -- Female entrepreneurs in a time of crisis: evidence from Ireland -- Striving for balance: women entrepreneurs in Brazil, their multiple gendered roles and Covid-19 -- A priority action roadmap for women's economic empowerment (PARWEE) amid COVID-19: a co-creation approach -- Learning experiences of women entrepreneurs amidst COVID-19 -- Exploring the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on women entrepreneurs in Pakistan.
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PurposeThe paper aims to clarify how a gendered analysis of entrepreneurial networks may benefit by the use of a constructionist (post‐structuralist) perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe paper makes use of a discourse analysis: first, the paper reviews a selection of empirical research articles from 1980 to 2008 on gender and networks in entrepreneurship research in order to convey the main research question, the hypotheses, the methodology and the main findings. Second, the paper identifies in a broader literature the hegemonic statements that characterize the discourse of gender and networks.FindingsThe main findings of the studies reviewed is that there are no major differences in the networks of female and male entrepreneurs. Research on the significance of gender for entrepreneurial success indicates that there is probably more variation within than between sex categories with regard to network activities. This may be an indication that empiricist feminism and standpoint feminism have outplayed their role as approaches to the study of gender and networks in entrepreneurial settings. The discourse analysis reveals five hegemonic statements: entrepreneurs use social networks strategically, women are disadvantaged compared to men and therefore cannot network effectively, weak ties are the source of men's success; strong ties are women's drawback and, finally, women are inherently relational.Research limitations/implicationsMethodologically, the current status of research on networks, gender and entrepreneurship demonstrates that most of the knowledge is gained through cross‐sectional surveys. Typically, the majority of studies on entrepreneurship, due to the methods chosen, does not allow for first‐hand, real and authentic experiences of entrepreneurial lives. Acknowledging the presence of the speaker can be done in various ways. Entrepreneurs may reveal their thoughts, their experience and reflections only if the relationship between the researcher and the researched is symmetrical. Narrative approaches are suggested in order to "tap" the voice – and thus the stories – of the acting entrepreneurs.Practical implicationsTheoretically, the discourse is limited by the lack of an explicit "gendered" perspective. The analysis of the texts reveals an implicit empiricist feminist approach, resulting in networks and entrepreneurship as well as gender and networks being portrayed in a very special and limited way.Originality/valueThe findings of the discursive approach to research texts on gender and entrepreneurial networks, is that the discourse is limited with regard to both theory and method. This paper has shown that the discourse in the research field is limited, and that the field needs to be challenged by other disciplinary procedures regulating what counts as knowledge.
Global recessions and structural economic shifts are motivating government and business leaders worldwide to increasingly look to "their" universities to stimulate regional development and to contribute to national competiveness. The challenge is clear and the question is pressing: How will universities respond? This book presents in-depth case narratives of ten universities from Norway, Finland, Sweden, UK, and the U.S. that have overcome significant challenges to develop programs and activities to commercialize scientific research, launch entrepreneurial degree programs, establish industry partnerships, and build entrepreneurial cultures and ecosystems. The universities are quite diverse: large and small; teaching and research focused; internationally recognized and relatively new; located in major cities and in emerging regions. Each case narrative describes challenges overcome, actions taken, and resulting accomplishments. This volume will be of interest to policymakers and university administrators as well as researchers and students interested in how different programs and activities can promote university entrepreneurship while contributing to economic growth in developed and developing economies
Purpose Government attention to women's entrepreneurship has increased in the past two decades; however, there are few cross-cultural studies to inform policy development. This paper aims to draw on gender and institutional theory to report on the status of female-focused small and medium-sized enterprises/entrepreneurship policies and to ask how – and to what extent – do women's entrepreneurship policies differ among countries?
Design/methodology/approach A common methodological approach is used to identify gaps in the policy-practice nexus.
Findings The study highlights countries where policy is weak but practice is strong, and vice versa.
Research limitations/implications The study's data were restricted to policy documents and observations of practices and initiatives on the ground.
Practical implications The findings have implications for policy makers in respect of support for women's entrepreneurship. Recommendations for future research are advanced.
Originality/value The paper contributes to extant knowledge and understanding about entrepreneurship policy, specifically in relation to women's entrepreneurship. It is also one of the few studies to use a common methodological approach to explore and compare women's entrepreneurship policies in 13 countries.
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Henry, C., Orser, B. & Coleman, S. & Foss, L. (2017). Women's entrepreneurship policy: a 13 nation cross-country comparison. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship , 9(3), 206-228. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-07-2017-0036, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-07-2017-0036 . ; Purpose : Government attention to women's entrepreneurship has increased in the past two decades; however, there are few cross-cultural studies to inform policy development. This paper aims to draw on gender and institutional theory to report on the status of female-focused small and medium-sized enterprises/entrepreneurship policies and to ask how – and to what extent – do women's entrepreneurship policies differ among countries? Design/methodology/approach : A common methodological approach is used to identify gaps in the policy-practice nexus. Findings : The study highlights countries where policy is weak but practice is strong, and vice versa. Research limitations/implications : The study's data were restricted to policy documents and observations of practices and initiatives on the ground. Practical implications : The findings have implications for policy makers in respect of support for women's entrepreneurship. Recommendations for future research are advanced. Originality/value : The paper contributes to extant knowledge and understanding about entrepreneurship policy, specifically in relation to women's entrepreneurship. It is also one of the few studies to use a common methodological approach to explore and compare women's entrepreneurship policies in 13 countries.
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Coleman, S., Henry, C., Orser, B., Foss, L. & Welter, F. (2018). Policy Support for Women Entrepreneurs' Access to Financial Capital: Evidence from Canada, Germany, Ireland, Norway, and the United States. Journal of Small Business Management , 1-27, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12473 . This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions . ; This cross‐country study documents policies and practices designed to increase women entrepreneurs' access to financial capital in Canada, Germany, Ireland, Norway, and the United States. Drawing on feminist theory, we examine assumptions of policy alongside the eligibility criteria, rules and regulations of practices. Our findings reveal that four of the five country policies examined were predicated on a neo‐liberal perspective that positions women entrepreneurs as economic assets. We offer insights into opportunities for modernizing policies and practices in ways that will enhance the legitimacy of a more diverse array of women entrepreneurs and increase their access to financial capital.
