Suchergebnisse

This article investigates the main determinants and correlates of migration intentions of Europeans. It deals with the impact of past migration on future intended migration, a comparison of migration intentions in the Old and New EU Member States, and the main barriers and triggers to cross-border mobility within Europe. The article contributes to our understanding of the costs to migration that Europeans perceive when making a migration decision. The analyses are based on the 2005 Eurobarometer Mobility Survey conducted in 25 European Member States, the most comprehensive and recent Europe-wide survey on migration intentions. The intention to migrate appears to be strongly linked to past migration behavior. Migration intentions are higher in New Member States although the variation within these states is substantial. Labour market opportunities are an important motive for migration. Existing social ties and socio-cultural singularities are major barriers to migration – though less so for people from the New Member States. From a sociological perspective migration intentions are 'bounded intentions', i.e. embedded in a plurality of competing pro's and cons.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between wages and the fraction of women in an occupation, using variation in the female participation in occupations across European countries. Using data from the European Structure of Earnings Survey 2006 with information about the wages in 93 occupations in 10 countries, we investigate how the wages of men and women and therefore the gender wage gap varies when the fraction of women increases. We allow for non-linearities in this relationship. In the raw data we find that mixed occupations pay better than occupations in which mainly men or mainly women are working, but controlling for occupation the picture reverses and we find that especially occupations with a high fraction of women pay more than mixed occupations. Female earnings are almost similar to male earnings when the fraction of women goes down and vice versa, but the effect is stronger in the female occupations, giving men an advantage in the labour market.