Suchergebnisse

Le passage des jeunes artistes plasticiens par différents canaux de légitimation influe grandement sur leur insertion dans le milieu de l'art contemporain français. Le présent article, fondé sur une segmentation de la jeunesse en quatre classes d'âge, révèle que les trajectoires des jeunes artistes plasticiens sont rythmées par autant d'étapes nécessaires à leur reconnaissance artistique et marchande dans un champ fortement concurrentiel.

In 2018, an upsurge in echovirus 30 (E30) infections was reported in Europe. We conducted a large-scale epidemiologic and evolutionary study of 1,329 E30 strains collected in 22 countries in Europe during 2016-2018. Most E30 cases affected persons 0-4 years of age (29%) and 25-34 years of age (27%). Sequences were divided into 6 genetic clades (G1-G6). Most (53%) sequences belonged to G1, followed by G6 (23%), G2 (17%), G4 (4%), G3 (0.3%), and G5 (0.2%). Each clade encompassed unique individual recombinant forms; G1 and G4 displayed >2 unique recombinant forms. Rapid turnover of new clades and recombinant forms occurred over time. Clades G1 and G6 dominated in 2018, suggesting the E30 upsurge was caused by emergence of 2 distinct clades circulating in Europe. Investigation into the mechanisms behind the rapid turnover of E30 is crucial for clarifying the epidemiology and evolution of these enterovirus infections. ; The study was supported by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, the Netherlands as part of the EV surveillance program of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (COMPARE grant no. 643476 from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece); the Wellcome Trust (grant no. ISSF204826/Z/16/Z); the Belgian National Reference Center for Enteroviruses from the RIZIV/INAMI (National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance); and the HONOURs Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Training Network (grant no. 721367). ; Sí

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Download ; In 2018, an upsurge in echovirus 30 (E30) infections was reported in Europe. We conducted a large-scale epidemiologic and evolutionary study of 1,329 E30 strains collected in 22 countries in Europe during 2016-2018. Most E30 cases affected persons 0-4 years of age (29%) and 25-34 years of age (27%). Sequences were divided into 6 genetic clades (G1-G6). Most (53%) sequences belonged to G1, followed by G6 (23%), G2 (17%), G4 (4%), G3 (0.3%), and G5 (0.2%). Each clade encompassed unique individual recombinant forms; G1 and G4 displayed >2 unique recombinant forms. Rapid turnover of new clades and recombinant forms occurred over time. Clades G1 and G6 dominated in 2018, suggesting the E30 upsurge was caused by emergence of 2 distinct clades circulating in Europe. Investigation into the mechanisms behind the rapid turnover of E30 is crucial for clarifying the epidemiology and evolution of these enterovirus infections. ; Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, the Netherlands as part of the EV surveillance program of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (COMPARE grant from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece) Wellcome Trust European Commission Belgian National Reference Center for Enteroviruses from the RIZIV/INAMI (National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance) HONOURs Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Training Network

BACKGROUND: Reliable testing for SARS-CoV-2 is key for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. AIM: We estimate diagnostic accuracy for nucleic acid and antibody tests 5 months into the COVID-19 pandemic, and compare with manufacturer-reported accuracy. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and antibody tests based on 93,757 test results from 151 published studies and 20,205 new test results from 12 countries in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA). RESULTS: Pooling the results and considering only results with 95% confidence interval width ≤ 5%, we found four nucleic acid tests, including one point-of-care test and three antibody tests, with a clinical sensitivity ≥ 95% for at least one target population (hospitalised, mild or asymptomatic, or unknown). Nine nucleic acid tests and 25 antibody tests, 12 of them point-of-care tests, had a clinical specificity of ≥ 98%. Three antibody tests achieved both thresholds. Evidence for nucleic acid point-of-care tests remains scarce at present, and sensitivity varied substantially. Study heterogeneity was low for eight of 14 sensitivity and 68 of 84 specificity results with confidence interval width ≤ 5%, and lower for nucleic acid tests than antibody tests. Manufacturer-reported clinical performance was significantly higher than independently assessed in 11 of 32 and four of 34 cases, respectively, for sensitivity and specificity, indicating a need for improvement in this area. CONCLUSION: Continuous monitoring of clinical performance within more clearly defined target populations is needed.