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Par Fis Cde LeRoy de Lozembrune ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Bibl.Mont. 2869

Par Fis Cde LeRoy de Lozembrune ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Eur. 368 m

ABSTRACTWhen deciding whether to get on the freeway during rush hour, did you ever stop to consider that if you did so, you would slow everybody ELSE down? When we ask our students that question, they typically laugh—their only consideration is how long their own trip will take. When a decision maker does not account for all the costs or benefits associated with a decision, there exists what economists call an "externality." Externalities are commonplace, and can cause significant problems (or create significant benefits) for firms and society. This article describes an online simulation game that introduces students to the concept of externalities, and helps them understand and develop ways of at least partially neutralizing negative externalities and expanding positive externalities. The game is based on a common situation with which most if not all students will have familiarity, that of traffic congestion. The article introduces the game, presents the rationale behind using a simulation game for teaching the concept of externality, and discusses how the game contributes to analytical thinking, multiple framing, reflective exploration of meaning, and practical reasoning.

AbstractMany higher education institutions are calling for more experiential learning to improve learning outcomes and better prepare students for the workplace. The need for enhanced experiential education in business schools, and in the decision sciences, is especially important. However, there is a lack of common practical understanding of how to implement this type of learning in business education. We address this gap using deliberate practice as a conceptual framework. Deliberate practice is a proven training technique for developing high levels of expertise. In spite of growing evidence of its relevance to higher education, two obstacles inhibit its widespread adoption by business educators. First, due to its origins as a one‐on‐one coaching technique, deliberate practice is difficult to apply in traditional university classrooms. Second, because the curriculum must be designed from the start to implement deliberate practice principles, instructional design guidelines are needed to direct the efforts of faculty. To overcome these obstacles, we develop an eight‐step instructional design model called SPARRING that incorporates all deliberate practice principles into one framework. We then discuss 13 pedagogical techniques that instructors can use in and outside of class to implement deliberate practice in business education. Using the SPARRING model, we show that these techniques can deliver an authentic and effective deliberate practice experience. We also discuss the application of the SPARRING model at the program and school levels. At a time of major disruptions in higher education, the SPARRING model offers a new pathway for traditional residential universities interested in teaching real‐world skills valued by employers in a manner not easily replicated by artificial intelligence.

National audience ; Created in 1992, the French network REPAMO is in charge of the surveillance and monitoring of the mollusc health status along the French coast according to European legislation. The missions of the network are the following: (1) the surveillance of notifiable diseases present in France, (2) the study of abnormal mortalities, (3) the surveillance of health status of cultivated and natural mollusc populations. The more recent network REPANUI has similar goals mainly focused on the pearl oyster health status to support the oyster farming industry in French Polynesia. ; Le réseau français REPAMO a été créé en 1992 pour répondre aux directives européennes relatives aux conditions de police sanitaire des animaux d'aquaculture et au contrôle de certaines maladies affectant les mollusques bivalves. Ses missions sont : 1) la surveillance des maladies à déclaration obligatoire présentes en France, 2) l'étude des mortalités anormales, 3) la surveillance du statut zoosanitaire des populations de mollusques sauvages ou cultivés. Le réseau REPANUI a été créé plus récemment pour répondre à des buts similaires, en insistant plus particulièrement sur le suivi de la santé des huîtres perlières en appui à la filière d'élevage polynésienne.

Russia's Internet Research Agency (IRA) launched an extended attack on the United States by using computational propaganda to misinform and polarize US voters. This report provides the first major analysis of this attack based on data provided by social media firms to the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI). This analysis answers several key questions about the activities of the known IRA accounts. In this analysis, we investigate how the IRA exploited the tools and platform of Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube to impact US users. We identify which aspects of the IRA's campaign strategy got the most traction on social media and the means of microtargeting US voters with particular messages.

The Astrophysical Journal 776.1 (2013): 21 reproduced by permission of the AAS ; The Herschel Space Observatory was used to observe ∼120 pre-main-sequence stars in Taurus as part of the GASPS Open Time Key project. Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer was used to measure the continuum as well as several gas tracers such as [O I] 63 μm, [O I] 145 μm, [C II] 158 μm, OH, H2O, and CO. The strongest line seen is [O I] at 63 μm. We find a clear correlation between the strength of the [O I] 63 μm line and the 63 μm continuum for disk sources. In outflow sources, the line emission can be up to 20 times stronger than in disk sources, suggesting that the line emission is dominated by the outflow. The tight correlation seen for disk sources suggests that the emission arises from the inner disk (<50 AU) and lower surface layers of the disk where the gas and dust are coupled. The [O I] 63 μm is fainter in transitional stars than in normal Class II disks. Simple spectral energy distribution models indicate that the dust responsible for the continuum emission is colder in these disks, leading to weaker line emission. [C II] 158 μm emission is only detected in strong outflow sources. The observed line ratios of [O I] 63 μm to [O I] 145 μm are in the regime where we are insensitive to the gas-to-dust ratio, neither can we discriminate between shock or photodissociation region emission. We detect no Class III object in [O I] 63 μm and only three in continuum, at least one of which is a candidate debris disk ; F. Ménard acknowledges financial support from the Milenium Nucleus P10-022-F, funded by the Chilean Government, and by the EU FP7-2011 programme, under Grant Agreement 284405

Asiatic canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, is a major threat to worldwide citriculture. Three pathotypes differing in host range and hypersensitive reactions toward citrus species have been defined. Whereas pathotypes Aw and A* have a restricted host range, X. citri pv. citri pathotype A infects a broader range including most commercial citrus species and hybrids and can cause important economic losses in tropical and subtropical areas. Pathotype A strains, especially those assigned to lineage 1, were implicated in the major geographical expansion of X. citri pv. citri during the 20th century from their native area, Asia (Pruvost et al. 2014). X. citri pv. citri is listed as a quarantine pathogen in the European Union (EU) – Directive 2000/29/EC annex II A1. Martinique (France) is an outermost region of the EU in the eastern Caribbean Sea. Canker lesions were first observed at Morne Rouge, Martinique in June 2014 on grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), mandarin (C. reticulata), Tahiti lime (C. latifolia), and Valencia and Washington Navel oranges (C. sinensis). Official diagnostics, including bacterial isolations on YPGA or KC semiselective medium (Pruvost et al. 2005), PCR-based identification with 4/7 primers (Hartung et al. 1993), and pathogenicity tests, were performed following the EPPO standard PM7/44 (www.eppo.int) and identified isolates as X. citri pv. citri. Three strains isolated in Martinique in 2014 from grapefruit or Tahiti lime were further characterized (LL074-4, LL077-2, and LL079). Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) targeting six housekeeping genes (atpD, dnaK, efp, gltA, gyrB, and lepA) (Almeida et al. 2010; Bui Thi Ngoc et al. 2010) identified Martinique strains as X. citri pv. citri with 100% sequence identity to the type strain LMG 9322. Using MLVA-31 targeting 31 minisatellites, Martinique strains were assigned to lineage 1 composed of pathotype A strains (Pruvost et al. 2014). All strains were inoculated by a detached leaf assay onto Mexican lime SRA 140 (C. aurantifolia), sweet orange Washington Navel SRA 102, and grapefruit Henderson SRA 336 (Bui Thi Ngoc et al. 2010). All inoculated leaves produced typical erumpent, callus-like tissue at wound sites. Xanthomonas-like colonies were reisolated from lesions that had developed. Boiled suspensions were assayed by PCR with 4/7 primers and produced the expected amplicon, fulfilling Koch's postulates. No lesions developed on the negative control consisting of sterile 0.01M tris buffer pH 7.2. This is the first report of X. citri pv. citri in Martinique and to our knowledge in the Caribbean region. Surprisingly, all strains collected to date in Martinique grew on YPGA supplemented with 300 mg liter−1 copper sulfate even when no extensive copper spray programs have been used, suggesting that copper-resistant strains may have been introduced. Disease is contained by tree removal and burning and the situation is presently under apparent control although positive trees were sporadically detected in 2015 in backyards or small orchards at Le Lorrain and Saint Pierre. An extensive surveillance program is currently implemented in Martinique for quarantine pathogens of citrus. (Texte intégral)