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181 199 20 4 ; SWORD ; PNOA, (2014). Ortofotos. PNOA© Instituto Geográfico Nacional ; [EN] This work aims to improve the knowledge of the flood that took place in Valencia, Spain, in 1957. In other words, the aim is to test if it is possible to explain the flood waves with the incorporation of sediment cycle to a distributed hydrological model. Furthermore, this work aims to be aware of the current consequences of a similar event, taking into account land use changes, particularly, the urban rise in the lower basin, and the current flood defenses of the city. To do this, the hydrological model was implemented in the current basin situation. Once implemented, a reconstruction of precipitation at hourly discretization for the 1957 event was made and the sedimentological sub-model was calibrated. Then, the hydrographs in the chosen points were obtained. Finally, a simulation using the 1957 precipitation in the current basin situation was made, in order to be aware of the current consequences Chen, C. (1975). Design of sediment retention basins. National Symposium on Urban Hydrology and Sediment Control, University of Kentucky, July. Domenico, P.A., Schwartz, F.W. (1998). Physical and chemical hydrogeology. John Wiley & Sons, INC. Haan, C.T., Barfield, B.J., Hayes, J.C. (1994). Design hydrology and sedimentology for small catchments. Academic Press, San Diego, California. Herrera, S., Gutiérrez, J. M., Ancell, R., Pons, M. R., Frías, M. D., Fernández, J. (2012). Development and Analysis of a 50 year high-resolution daily gridded precipitation dataset over Sapin (Spain02). International Journal of Climatology 32(1),74-85. doi:10.1002/joc.2256 Hiederer, R. (2013). Mapping Soil Porperties for Europe - Spatial Representation of Soil Database Attributes. Publications Office of the European Union, EUR26082EN Scientific and Technical Research series. Luxembourg: 2013, 47pp. doi:10.2788/94128. Llasat, M., Puigcerver, M. (1994). Meteorological factors associated with floods in the north-eastern part of the Iberian ...

Democratic theory has seen a communication turning point in recent years, which has fostered the organisation of participatory experiences based on certain principles of deliberative theory, in particular those of inclusion and equality of participants, and the development of participatory budgets over the last ten years, an excellent analytical framework to test the extent to which these experiments put the focus of inclusion and equal participation in deliberation. This article seeks to contextualise the analysis of participatory budgets, taking account of the fact that they are carried out in Spain, France and ALlemagne. In particular, it is a question of questioning the opponent about the tension between participation and deliberation in the political theory. It is clear that deliberation requires spaces for reflection that participatory schemes cannot offer. The aim of participatory budgets is to reconcile these two dimensions. The purpose of that paper is thus to understand the differences between those devices according to the political context in which they operate. The results of this research provide a better understanding of how to articulate the different procedures in place and what is the relationship between participation and disintegration. ; Peer Reviewed ; Democratic theory has seen a communication turning point in recent years, which has fostered the organisation of participatory experiences based on certain principles of deliberative theory, in particular those of inclusion and equality of participants, and the development of participatory budgets over the last ten years, an excellent analytical framework to test the extent to which these experiments put the focus of inclusion and equal participation in deliberation. This article seeks to contextualise the analysis of participatory budgets, taking account of the fact that they are carried out in Spain, France and ALlemagne. In particular, it is a question of questioning the opponent about the tension between participation and deliberation in ...

La théorie démocratique a connu ces dernieres années un tournant communicationnel, qui a favorisé l'organisation d'expériences participatives reposant sur certains principes de la théorie déLibérative, et notamment ceux d'inclusion et d' égalité des participants ala délibération, Le développement des budgets participatifs au cours des dix dernieres années off re un exceLlent cadre analytique pour tester dans queLle mesure ces expériences mettent en ceuvre les príncipes d'inclusion et de participation égalitaire a la délibération. Cet article cherche acontextualiser l'analyse des budgets participatifs, en prenant en compte leur significatíon el la fa~on dont ils se déroulent, apartir d'une recherche comparée au Brésil. en Espagne, en France et en ALlemagne. Il s'agit en particulier d'interroger l'opposítíon óu la tension faite dans la théoríe politique entre participation et délibération. Il est évident que la délibération demande des espaces de réflexion que les dispositifs participatifs ne peuvent pas offrir. Ace titre. les budgets participatifs visent a concilier ces deux dimensions. Lobjectif de ce papier est ainsi de comprendre les différences entre ces dispositifs selon le contexte politique dans lequel ils se déploient. Les résultats de cette recherche permettent de mieux comprendre comment articuler les différentes procédures mises en ceuvre et queLle est la relation entre participation et délíbération. ; Peer Reviewed

International audience ; This paper is a proposal for a future method of avionics data communication in military aircrafts. The need for this proposal results from the increasing complexity of avionics systems that is pushing the MIL-STD-1553B well beyond the limits of its bandwidth. Among several high speed interconnection technologies, Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet is an attractive candidate to replace the MIL-STD-1553B for advanced military aircraft system interconnection but, unfortunately, it was not originally developed with the aim to deliver real-time communications. Therefore, we have to add new mechanisms over Switched Ethernet to achieve real-time behaviour with bounded delays. In this paper, we describe the most important existent real-time transfer solutions for the classic Ethernet and discuss their possible applicability over Switched Ethernet. Then, we compare their performances and their capacities to handle real-time constraints required by the military applications. A special care is given to the traffic shaping approach which allows to limit the congestions in the switch and to guarantee low delays. We will show in experiments that with the traffic shaping approach with the priority handling, we can achieve deterministic transmission that respect the military application's requirements.

1 19 11 6 ; S ; [EN] The success of hydrological modeling of a high mountain basin depends in most case on the accurate quantification of the snowmelt. However, mathematically modeling snowmelt is not a simple task due to, on one hand, the high number of variables that can be relevant and can change significantly in space and, in the other hand, the low availability of most of them in practical engineering. Therefore, this research proposes to modify the original equation of the classical degree-day model to introduce the spatial and temporal variability of the degree-day factor. To evaluate the effects of the variability in the hydrological modeling and the snowmelt modeling at the cell and hillslope scale. We propose to introduce the spatial and temporal variability of the degree-day factor using maps of radiation indices. These maps consider the position of the sun according to the time of year, solar radiation, insolation, topography and shaded-relief topography. Our priority has been to keep the parsimony of the snowmelt model that can be implemented in high mountain basins with limited observed input. The snowmelt model was included as a new module in the TETIS distributed hydrological model. The results show significant improvements in hydrological modeling in the spring period when the snowmelt is more important. At cell and hillslope scale errors are diminished in the snowpack, improving the representation of the flows and storages that intervene in high mountain basins. This study was supported by the Universidad de Guanajuato, Spanish National Parks Administration through the ACOPLA project (OAPN 011/2008), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the projects ECO-TETIS (CGL2011-28776-C02-01), TETISMED (CGL2014-58127-C3-3-R) and TETISCHANGE (RTI2018-093717-B-I00). Orozco Medina, I.; Francés, F.; Mora, J. (2019). Parsimonious Modeling of Snow Accumulation and Snowmelt Processes in High Mountain Basins. Water. 11(6):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11061288 Riboust, P., Thirel, G., Moine, N. ...

Abstract. In this paper, we analyse the effectiveness of flood management measures based on the concept known as "retaining water in the landscape". The investigated measures include afforestation, micro-ponds and small-reservoirs. A comparative and model-based methodological approach has been developed and applied for three meso-scale catchments located in different European hydro-climatological regions: Poyo (184 km2) in the Spanish Mediterranean, Upper Iller (954 km2) in the German Alps and Kamp (621 km2) in Northeast-Austria representing the Continental hydro-climate. This comparative analysis has found general similarities in spite of the particular differences among studied areas. In general terms, the flood reduction through the concept of "retaining water in the landscape" depends on the following factors: the storage capacity increase in the catchment resulting from such measures, the characteristics of the rainfall event, the antecedent soil moisture condition and the spatial distribution of such flood management measures in the catchment. In general, our study has shown that, this concept is effective for small and medium events, but almost negligible for the largest and less frequent floods: this holds true for all different hydro-climatic regions, and with different land-use, soils and morphological settings.

1536 1549 61 9 ; S ; [EN] Dams fragment river systems worldwide, and Mediterranean-climate rivers, characterised by highly seasonal hydrographs and adapted biotas, are particularly impacted by flow regulation. Whereas the effects of flow regulation on hydrology, sediment transport and biodiversity have long been examined, responses at the food-web level remain understudied. Environmental variation is a key control of food-web structure. Thus, we predicted that flow regulation would impact food-chain length (FCL) via changes in the flow variation regime, and we tested this prediction in a set of flow unregulated to completely regulated reaches in a Mediterranean river basin. In each reach, we characterised flow variation, together with two other putative controls of FCL (productivity and habitat size). We combined community data with carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes to estimate food-chain length, and Bayesian mixing models allowed estimates of dietary proportions of consumers. Flow variation was paramount in controlling FCL in the studied river network, and this same control largely explained the degree of omnivory among top predators. Thus, omnivory mechanisms were the main proximate structural mechanism allowing shifts in food-web structure and linking disturbance regimes to FCL. Our results suggest that flow regulation in Mediterranean rivers may impact food-web structure even when no significant changes in community composition are observed. If highly variable Mediterranean streams become increasingly affected by flow regulation, the resulting more stable conditions could enhance intraguild predation and thus lengthen riverine food chains. We thank Roberto Merciai, Jose Andres Lopez and Joan Font for their help in the field, Lina Ramirez-Solano and Emili Garcia-Berthou for their help with analyses and Marc Montenegro for the illustrations in Fig. 1. The Sabo Lab at Arizona State University and anonymous reviewers provided suggestions that improved the quality of the article. This study was funded by the ...