Suchergebnisse

A condensation is presented of a document issued in 1975 for limited circulation (BALI--TOURISM, CULTURE, ENVIRONMENT, SHC-75/WS/17). It is based on 3 reports prepared by the teaching & research staff of Udayana U: (1) "Report on the Influence of Mass Tourism on the Way of Life in the Balinese Society," (2) "Report of the Development of Tourism in Bali," & (3) "The Impact of Tourism on the Socio-Economic Development of Bali." A short review of Balinese cultural contacts with the outside world is followed by a discussion of the types of tourist who visited between 1969 & 1973 in terms of their objectives & expenditures. The next section discusses economic effects in terms of investments & returns (spectacular), costs of tourism (both quantifiable & unquantifiable), tourists' spending patterns, effects on craftsmen, & employment & involvement with tourism of the general population (marginal). Land tenure, especially in the Lowlands where tourism is concentrated, is discussed, & it is noted that conflicts of interest between national & local interests exist & that a certain amount of legal ambiguity is involved. While Balinese culture has in the past been notably successful in assimilating foreign elements, difficulties have arisen over religious matters. Possible problems connected with the plastic & performing arts are also noted. Difficulties of differentiating the influences of tourism from general trends of modernization are recognized. A critical review of the recommendations proposed by the authors of the 3 reports & some positive & negative future effects are discussed. In A REJOINDER, Peter Lengyel (Editor, International Social Science Journal, Paris, France) adds some notes based on a recent visit to Bali which included the Udayana U. One aspect which has been disregarded is the risk of the tourist business which is caused by its highly elastic demand. The conclusion that Bali "must inevitably accommodate itself to the exigencies of mass tourism" is questioned; there is a critical saturation point with respect to tourists beyond which negative aspects out weigh the positive. Bali appears to be just below that point, & for this & other reasons should consider a "selected & limited intake of tourists." 6 Tables, 4 Figures. J. N. Mayer.